The detection of encrypted stepping-stone attack is considered. Besides encryption and padding, the attacker is capable of inserting chaff packets and perturbing packet timing and transmission order. Based on the assumption that packet arrivals form renewal processes, and a pair of such renewal processes is also renewal, a nonparametric detector is proposed to detect attacking traffic by testin...

The application of SAT solver in industrial verificationtools is mandatory for the successful analysis of prob-lems derived from hardware design, e.g. CombinationalEquivalence Checking (CEC) and Bounded Model Check-ing (BMC). In [8] Chaff, a new powerful SAT solver, waspresented that outperforms most of the existing publiclyavailable SAT solvers when applied to hard ...

Plant-parasitic nematodes attack is an important problem on crop production worldwide. Meloidogyne javanica a potentially damaging pest of several crops. Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect supernatant liquid from synthesis silver nanoparticles with agricultural wastes survival and hatching juveniles eggs. The experiment consisted five treatments (carbofuran, corn cobs, rice...

In the last few years, we have seen a tremendous boost in the efficiency of SAT solvers, this boost being mostly due to Chaff. Chaff owes some of its efficiency to its “two-literal watching” data structure. In this paper we present watched data structures for Quantified Boolean Formula (QBF) satisfiability solvers. In particular, we propose (i) two Chaff-like literal watching schemes for unit c...

A few years ago, a new way to tackle SAT problems was introduced in the solver Chaff. That solver outperformed the other solvers by several order of magnitude on selected benchmarks. The efficiency of the new solver was first explained from an engineering point of view [5], then from a “conflict learning” point of view [7]. The importance of the heuristics alone was difficult to measure because...

Natural language is robust against noise. The meaning of many sentences survives the loss of words, sometimes many of them. Some words in a sentence, however, cannot be lost without changing the meaning of the sentence. We call these words “wheat” and the rest “chaff”. The word “not” in the sentence “I do not like rain” is wheat and “do” is chaff. For human understanding of the purpose and beha...

For the third consecutive year, a SAT competition was organized as a joint event with the SAT conference. With 55 solvers from 25 author groups, the competition was a clear success. One of the noticeable facts from the 2004 competition is the superiority of incomplete solvers on satisfiable random k-SAT benchmarks. It can also be pointed out that the complete solvers awarded this year, namely Z...

I . The effects on gastric secretion of altering the amount and type of food eaten were examined in sheep with fundic abomasal pouches and in sheep which also had the antral region of the abomasum isolated into a pouch or removed (antrectomy). Secretion, which was continuous in all preparations, was collected over 24 h periods, and daily determinations of its acid and pepsin concentrations were...