[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of horse-riding simulator exercise on balance in elderly with knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] Fifty elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited, a horse-riding simulator group performed exercise three times a week for eight weeks. And each exercise was performed for 30 minutes. [Results] The horse-riding simulat...

Given that consumer free riding involves a relatively high level of interaction with the marketplace, it is likely that individuals’ attitudes toward consumer free riding are related to degree to which they feel alienated from the marketplace. Such a relationship was observed to exist. Through further examination, attitudes toward consumer free riding appear to originate from two of the three a...

In this paper, we discuss the “free-riding”traffic problem in routing overlay networks, which is mainly caused by policy mis-match between the overlay routing and the underlay IP routing. We first define the free-riding problem in routing overlay network, and construct mathematical models for the amount of the free-riding traffic. We next present the numerical examples on the effectiveness of t...

analyzing free riding problem through static games considering homogenous players has been resulted in choosing the free riding strategy as a dominant strategy for the players. in this paper free riding is analyzed through cooperation game imposing non-homogenous players using network models. players would be differentiated by their links with their neighbors in the game. evolutionary game theo...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of horse-riding simulator exercise on gait ability and muscle strength, muscle activation in elderly with knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited, a horse-riding simulator group consisted of fifteen subjects and they performed exercise three times a week for eight weeks...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of horse-riding simulator exercise and Kendall exercise on forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty elderly college students with a forward head posture were randomly divided into two groups for 15 persons each, a horse-riding simulator group and Kendall exercise group, and performed exercise for eight weeks. [Results] The ho...

The Linear elevators driven by linear motors have recently been widely used because they produce direct motion to transfer people between floors without using ropes, rollers, gears, and counterweights. However, these usually suffer from the production of ripple force when traveling through this makes its application limited. To minimize impact on elevator performance, a smooth transition patter...