To measure economic profits generated by an insurance policy during its life time, we compare the terminal assets of the policy account with certain breakeven value. Policies with mutil-year loss payments and income tax payments are studied. The breakeven value of terminal assets is given in closed form, and shown to be an increasing function of the claims risk and the asset investment risk. Pr...

This article offers a new conceptual framework for modeling and measurement of systemic risk factors at individual institutions level. The empirical results show that, there are strong negative correlations between domestic futures market with systemic risk factors. Domestic futures exposed to systemic risk. Further research should take into account such international risk exposure.

Recently, many financial scandals and frauds have been published in mass media. It has resulted ruining the public trust internal auditor profession as third line of defense since perceived detection prevention auditors’ responsibility (DeZoort & Harrison, 2018). The fraud risk judgment performance questioned. There are scales to measure judgment; however, they mostly related financial-stat...

Bureau XYZ strived to facilitate the realization of good governance through electronic government (e-government). There were various information systems that implemented as part this effort, one which was mail management system. has an Information Security Management System (ISMS) using ISO 27001:2013 standards. Nevertheless, optimization and technology risks necessary ensure implementation sof...