Batch crystallization is an important chemical unit operation. So, large numbers of published works were focused on batch modelization, simulation, optimization, control and parameter estimation. In this work, optimization made with the objective to obtain optimal cooling temperature strategy a crystallizer realized in our laboratory. The potassium hydrogenotartarate (cream tartar) subject stud...

Z. Naturforsch. 53 b, 788-791 (1998); received May 25, 1998 Carnitine, Tartrate, Hydrogen Bonds L-Carnitine forms a salt-like 2:1 adduct with L-tartaric acid which crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with Z = 4 formula units in the unit cell. The lattice is composed of an L-tartrate dianion and two crystallographically independent L-carnitinium cations. The two cations show onl...

A monoclinic polymorph of the title compound, [Na(C(4)H(5)O(6))(H(2)O)](n), is reported and complements an ortho-rhom-bic form [Kubozono, Hirano, Nagasawa, Maeda & Kashino (1993 ▶). Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 66, 2166-2173]. The asymmetric unit contains a hydrogen tartrate anion, an Na(+) cation and a water mol-ecule. The Na(+) ion is surrounded by seven O atoms derived from one independent and thre...

OBJECTIVE In Alzheimer's disease (AD), rivastigmine has demonstrated statistically significant efficacy versus placebo on cognition and activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this retrospective analysis was to further evaluate the treatment effects of rivastigmine on individual ADL items. METHODS This exploratory analysis focused on the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities o...

Rivastigmine, a carbamate inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, is already in use for treatment of Alzheimer's disease under the trade name of Exelon. Rivastigmine carbamylates Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase very slowly (k(i) = 2.0 M(-1) min(-1)), whereas the bimolecular rate constant for inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase is >1600-fold higher (k(i) = 3300 M(-1) min(-1)). For human...

The crystal structure of recombinant rat prostatic acid phosphatase in complex with the inhibitor L(+)-tartrate was determined to 3-A resolution with protein crystallographic methods. The inhibitor binds at the carboxyl end of the parallel strands of the alpha/beta domain. One of the carboxyl groups of the tartrate molecule interacts with the conserved residues Arg-11, His-12, and Arg-15, which...

UNLABELLED The present AChE inhibitors have been successful in the treatment of Alzheimer׳s Diseases however suffers serious side effects. Therefore in this view, the present study was sought to identify compounds with appreciable pharmacological profile targeting AChE. Analogue of Rivastigmine and Fluoxetine hybrid synthesized by Toda et al, 2003 (dataset1), and Coumarin-Tacrine hybrids synthe...

Rivastigmine transdermal patch is indicated for patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Parkinson's disease. Rivastigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, has several common adverse effects, mainly involving the gastrointestinal tract, but few cardiovascular adverse effects have been reported. This report presents two cases of patients presenting with 3(rd) degree atrioventricula...

Today patients with mild to moderate Alzhiemer's disease (AD) have a treatment approach choice: oral or transdermal delivery. The aim of this review was to provide a concise, comprehensive overview of the clinically relevant safety, tolerability and efficacy information available for the rivastigmine transdermal system. Relevant articles were identified through a MEDLINE search of publications ...