BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES ZCL is a growing threat in many rural areas of Iran which involves 17 out of 31 provinces. This study was conducted from April to November 2011 for evaluation of the efficacy of phostoxin and zinc phosphide against rodents. METHODS Rodent control operations were carried out using phostoxin and zinc phosphide. To evaluate the effect of rodent control operation on the ma...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a prevalent tropical parasitic disease in the Old World. The causative agentsare Leishmanial parasites, which cause various forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The infection is commonlylimited in immuno-competent individuals, but it can progress to a chronic and ulcerative disease in immunocompromised patients. The reservoirs are dogs and rodents and the vectors are dif...

Introduced seed dispersers can shift predation dynamics in native species, impacting plant establishment and spread. We studied the effect of non-native earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, on loss large-seeded annual, Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed), an expanding agricultural weed whose seeds are heavily predated by mice. terrestris may protect against rodent caching them its burrows from which s...

A plague (Yersinia pestis) epizootic spread through Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni), and possibly other rodent species, in the Moreno Valley in north-central New Mexico between winter 1984-1985 and autumn 1987. We observed the progress of the epizootic and subsequent population recovery at four prairie dog towns within the valley during this period. At two towns (Midlake and Val Ver...

Soil microbial communities both reflect and influence biotic abiotic processes occurring at or near the soil surface. Ecosystem engineers that physically alter surface, such as burrowing ground squirrels, are expected to distribution of communities. Black-tailed prairie dogs ( Cynomys ludovicianus ) construct complex burrows in which activities nesting, defecating, dying partitioned spatially i...

the incorporation of several anti-rodent masterbatches into polyethylene (pe) granules used for gas pipes and the effects of the masterbatches on the physical properties of the pipes were studied. four commercial anti-rodent masterbatches from different international companies including, clariant, alchemix, polyone, and newgen were used in this research. each of the masterbatch was primarily dr...

The yellow-bellied marmot spends approximately 80% of its life in a burrow. Burrows provide protection from the rigors of the environment, predators and other marmots. They provide a hibernaculum in winter and may function as a nursery in summer. Selection of a burrow site is therefore an important aspect in the biology of marmots. Measurements were made on direction of exposure, angle of slope...

Triatomine bug species such as Microtriatoma trinidadensis, Eratyrus mucronatus, Belminus herreri, Panstrongylus lignarius, and Triatoma tibiamaculata are exquisitely adapted to specialist niches. This suggests a long evolutionary history, as well as the recent dramatic spread a few eclectic, domiciliated triatomine species. Virtually all species of the genus Rhodnius are primarily associated w...