AIM To compare in vivo the Apex Finder and Root ZX electronic apex locators (EALs) at five different stages during root canal instrumentation. METHODOLOGY The Apex Finder and Root ZX were used in 64 teeth with either vital or necrotic pulps. Informed consent was obtained by each patient under a study protocol approved by an ethical committee from the University of Trieste. Measurements were m...

During the cleaning and shaping of the root canal, various irrigants have been used to reduce the residual debris, necrotic tissue, and bacteria, as well as to remove smear layer. Though sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most common irrigant used in root canal treatment, chlorhexidine (CHX) has been suggested as either an alternative or an adjunct root canal irrigant because of its antimicrobi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Limited information exists regarding the efficacy of laser activated irrigation (LAI) on removal of root canal debris. This study compares the efficacy of LAI for removal of debris in root canals as compared to conventional irrigation (CI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A splitted tooth model was constructed with straight roots prepare...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of endodontic irrigation procedures can be compromised by the complexity of the root canal system. Delivering irrigants to the apical third of curved canals presents a particular challenge to endodontists. This study compared the effects of two ultrasonic irrigation techniques on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into the main canal and simulated lateral canals of c...

AIM This case report describes a serious and life-threatening complication of the use of sodium hypochlorite as an irrigation solution in root canal therapy. SUMMARY This case report describes a hypochlorite accident that occurred in a healthy 42-year-old female who was undergoing routine root canal therapy for the lower right central incisor (tooth #41). After approximately 1 hour of irrigat...

This paper highlights the importance of root canal disinfection. It discusses the different endodontic irrigants available and comments on how these can be used most effectively. Eliminating bacteria from the root canal system is an essential stage in endodontic therapy. An objective of endodontic treatment is removal of diseased tissue, elimination of bacteria from the canal system and prevent...

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning ability of the Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system in terms of removal of debris and smear layer. METHODOLOGY Root canal preparations were performed in 20 root canals using an SAF operated with a continuous irrigation device. The glide path was initially established using a size 20 K-file followed by the SAF file that was operated in the roo...

introduction: the purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (chx) use separately and combined as endodontic irrigants on the apical sealing ability of two endodontic sealers. materials and methods: eighty-six extracted maxillary central incisor teeth were used. the teeth were decoronated at the cej, acc...

INTRODUCTION Endodontic treatment removes all pathogens, such as Enterococcus faecalis from pulp and root canals. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of sodium hypo-chlorite (NaOCl) in removing E. faecalis from the root canal used with three different irrigation methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on freshly extracted maxillary incisors. After biomechanical p...

UNLABELLED The failures of root canal preparation are due to some anatomical deviation (canal in "C" or "S") and some technique errors. The technique errors are usually present in canal root cleansing and shaping stage and are the result of endodontic treatment objectives deviation. OBJECTIVES Our study was made on technique errors while preparing the canal roots with hand ProTaper. METHODO...