This paper is concerned with two problems. First, when the object is near a rough surface such as an ocean or terrain, and the transmitter and the receiver are also located near the surface, how can we image or detect the object which may be obscured by multiple scattering due to rough surface scattering. Second, even though multiple scattering generally increases the incoherent field, there ar...

An electromagnetic scattering solution for the interaction between a dielectric cylinder and a slightly rough surface is presented in this paper. Taking the advantage of a newly developed technique that utilizes the reciprocity theorem, the difficulty in formulating the secondary scattered fields from the composite target reduces to the evaluation of integrals involving the scattered fields fro...

A hybrid method, combining analytic Kirchhoff approximation (KA) and numerical method of moments (MoMs), is developed to solve the two-dimensional (2D) scattering problem of a dielectric target with arbitrary cross section above a moderate perfect electric conductor (PEC) rough surface under TE-polarized tapered wave incidence. The induced current on the rough surface is analytically expressed ...

This paper discusses the use of fitness biasing to alter the control of a seven microprocessor robot as it shifts from one environment to another. The robot was initially using a gait evolved to work on a smooth surface (tile). When tested on a rough surface (carpet) the learned gait was found to be inappropriate because the legs were causing drag as they repositioned. An efficient move to repo...

Background and Aim: Carbonated diet soda is the most common etiologic factor for dental erosion, and fluoride products have been proposed as an option for the preven-tion of that problem. This study evaluated the effect of Remin Pro and neutral sodium fluoride on the prevention of dental enamel erosion using profilometry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using an experimental-...

The wetting of rough surfaces remains a subject of active investigation by scientists. The contact angle (CA) is a traditional parameter used to characterize the hydrophobicity/philicity of a solid surface. However, it was found recently that high CAs can coexist with strong adhesion between water and a solid surface in the case of the so-called 'rose petal effect'. Several additional parameter...

Detection of a target in cluttered environment based on electromagnetic wave scattering has been considered for many years [1-3]. In this work, we consider detection of a target situated on top of a random rough surface, whereby the scatter component from the surface is considered to be background clutter. Detector design is traditionally based on the difference in the characteristics of the re...

An analytical solution is presented for the electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric circular cylinder embedded in a dielectric half-space with a slightly rough interface. The solution utilizes the spectral (plane-wave) representation of the fields and accounts for all the multiple interactions between the rough interface and the buried cylinder. First-order coefficients from the small pert...

We previously established that spectroscopic microscopy can quantify subdiffraction-scale refractive index (RI) fluctuations in a label-free dielectric medium with a smooth surface. However, to study more realistic samples, such as biological cells, the effect of rough surface should be considered. In this Letter, we first report an analytical theory to synthesize microscopic images of a rough ...

This paper discusses several approaches to scattering from slightly rough» very rough, composite, and rough spherical surfaces. Average incoherent scattering cross sections for slightly rough surfaces are obtained using a perturbation technique for a perfect conductor, and for a surface material which is homogeneous (with variable permeability, \Lr, as well as permittivity, «r)« The results, co...