1. The runway incursion severity classification (RISC) calculator is a computer programme that classifies the outcome of runway incursions into one of three severity classifications: “A”, “B”, or “C”. (See Chapter 6, 6.1, for a description of these categories.) The RISC calculator programme does not store any data; it simply provides a quick, easy and standardized way to rate the severity of ru...

At many airports, aircraft take off from multiple departure runways. During periods of high departure demand, whether or not the departure runways are balanced directly affects the capacity and efficiency of the airport. This paper begins by investigating the cause of runway imbalances. Homogeneity in the direction of flight during a departure push and the procedures for runway assignments are ...

Two Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) simulations were conducted to investigate the concurrent use of Runway Entrance Lights (RELs) and Surface Movement Guidance Control System (SMGCS) stop bars. The first study investigated use by pilots who did receive training on using these lighting systems simultaneously, while the second study investigated use by pilots who did not receive training. A total of 11 ...

There will be a number of airports that receive both a Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) windshear detection system and a phase III Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS). At those airports, the two systems will need to be combined into a single windshear detection system. This report specifies the algorithm to be used to integrate the two subsystems. The algorithm takes in the alphanume...

It is well known that priming stimulation promotes the motivational effects of intracranial self-stimulation(ICSS) behavior. An experimental methodology using the runway method could separately study the reward and motivational effects of ICSS behavior. In the present study, we examined the motivational effect of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS behavi...

Publications in the working paper series are issued for discussion and are not considered final reports. Comments are invited. In flight scheduling, airlines usually determine optimal timing for their flights to respond to time-dependent demand and the requirement of frequency plans, of available fleets and of aircraft routings. Nevertheless, it is unavoidable that some flights cannot actually ...

Operations on the airport surface include those at the gates, the ramp areas adjoining the gates, the taxiways, and the runway system. Each component could be subject to queuing delays and is also influenced by downstream factors such as the terminal airspace. On the basis of observations by Idris (4), four regions were identified on the surface where queues primarily form during the departure ...

This paper presents detailed results from a highfidelity human-in-the-loop evaluation of an airport surface decision support tool. The Spot And Runway Departure Advisor is designed to aid controllers in managing aircraft surface operations and is based on two optimization algorithms: the Spot Release Planner and the Runway Scheduler. The Spot Release Planner provides sequence and timing advisor...

In terminal airspace, integrating arrivals, departures, and surface operations with competing resources provides the potential of improving operational efficiency by removing barriers between different operations. This work develops a centralized stochastic scheduler for operations in a terminal area including airborne and surface operations using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and M...

Rats were exposed to three-trial series consisting of reinforced (R) trials and one nonreinforced (N) trial in a fixed order, RRN and RNR (Experiments 1 and 2) or NRR and RRN (Experiment 3), on extended visually distinct runways in a T-maze. When initially presented with the same sequence on each series in a session (separate presentations) with the same runway on all trials within a series (Ex...