How can rural hospitals continue to attract physicians to their facilities? For most rural hospitals, the number of dollars they spend in medical education equates to the number of physicians they are able to retain on staff. What will be the cost to the consumer versus the physicians if the shortage is not addressed and corrected?

This paper explores determinants of participation, intensity and the magnitude of the rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) in Tajikistan. Conducting analysis at the district level, in addition to traditional individual and household levels, helps to test the impact of institutional determinants of the RNFE invariant at the micro level. We have found that rural residents in Tajikistan are mostly pushed ...

Abstract. The existence of crack evolutions based on critical points of the energy functional is proved, in the case of a cohesive zone model with prescribed crack path. It turns out that evolutions of this type satisfy a maximum stress criterion for the crack initiation. With an explicit example, it is shown that evolutions based on the absolute minimization of the energy functional do not enj...

Using text previewers to browse code and documentation has uncovered some of the basic limitations of classical typesetting systems. Problems arise from the use of embedded markup, the reliance on context-free grammars, and monolithic typesetter design. Some aspects of each of these problems are discussed. A typesetter architecture is proposed that does not require markup or grammars, and that ...

This study seeks to add the research on inequality in least developed countries, namely Mozambique, by measuring and mapping indicators of horizontal wealth along geographic regions ethnolinguistic identities. Using census data for 1997, 2007, 2017, we identify possible intersecting inequalities, between-group joint provincial–urban/rural–ethnolinguistic Additionally, find heterogeneous evoluti...