Evolutionary relationships of red-backed voles and their relatives were examined and used to test biogeographic hypotheses. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were obtained for 25 individuals representing Alticola macrotis, Clethrionomys californicus, C. gapperi, C. glareolus, C. rutilus, and C. rufocanus. These were combined with 21 partial sequences from GenBank for C. regulus, ...

the heavy metals concentrations including zinc, copper, lead and cadmium (zn, cu, pb and cd) in water and sediments in gorgan bay and their accumulation in rutilus frisii kutum, acipenser persicus, rutilus rutilus caspicus and cyprinus carpio organs (gills, muscle, kidney and liver) were investigated. there was substantial increase in concentration of heavy metals ingoing from the water to the ...

This article considers the natural regulators of blood-sucking Simuliidae subzone mixed forests on territory Belarus and Ukraine. In forests, major preimaginal phases bloodsucking blackflies are microsporidia (Polidyspirenia simulii, Polidyspirenia sp., Thelohania fibrata, Amblyospora bracteata, A. varians), fungi mermithides (Gastromermis boophthorae). Caddisfly larvae (Hydropsyche angustipenn...

Population-ecological analysis of Aral roach ( Rutilus rutilus aralensis ) was conducted in Tuzkan lake Aydar-Arnasay system Uzbekistan. In the system, it analyzed age structure, body weight, 19 morphometric and 5 meristematic indicators 158 fish specimens caught Lake January February 2020. The main selected as a result statistical are: arithmetic mean; error rate; variability morpho-physiologi...

Quantifying the effects of human activity on the natural environment is dependent on credible estimates of reference conditions to define the state of the environment before the onset of adverse human impacts. In Europe, emission controls that aimed at restoring ecological status were based on hindcasts from process-based models or paleolimnological reconstructions. For instance, 1860 is used i...

Migration has evolved as a strategy to maximise individual fitness in response to seasonally changing ecological and environmental conditions. However, migration can also incur costs, and quantifying these costs can provide important clues to the ultimate ecological forces that underpin migratory behaviour. A key emerging model to explain migration in many systems posits that migration is drive...