The analysis of indentation of rigid cylindrical wheels into frictional/cohesive soils is presented. Threeand two-dimensional numerical simulations were performed using the finite element code ABAQUS to assess the influence of soil strength parameters, dilatancy, and wheel geometry on the relationship between the indentation force and wheel sinkage. The effect of three-dimensionality in the ind...

Theoretical models for predicting penetration of non-driving (towed) rigid cylindrical wheels rolling on frictional/cohesive soils are presented. The models allow for investigating the influence of soil parameters and wheel geometry on the relationship between the inclined rolling force and wheel sinkage in the presence of permanently formed ruts. The rolling process is simulated numerically in...

1. In large herbivores, the timing of breeding is important for females to hit peak plant protein levels. For males, the timing of reproductive effort is important to maximize the number of females they can mate during autumn rut in competition with other males. The latter depends on when most females are ovulating, but also on how other males with a different competitive ability are timing use...

pavement permanent deformations due to lack of shear strength in mixture are a major reason of rutting. any simple test to determine mixtures resistance to permanent deformation isn’t distinguished in the 1st level of superpave mix design method and prevalent methods for evaluating mixture rut resistance are expensive and time-consuming. two aggregate types, gradations, asphalt cements and fill...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the rheological properties and chemical bonding of nano-modified asphalt binders blended with nanosilica. In this study, the nanosilica was added to the control asphalt at contents of 4% and 6% based on the weight of asphalt binders. Superpave binder and mixture tests were utilized in this study to estimate the characteristics of the nano-modifed aspha...

In this paper, the effect of reclaimed rubber modification on the rheological characteristics of asphalt binders is studied. Reclaimed rubber with the extent of 12, 16 and 20 is added to the neat asphalt binder and then shear complex modulus is obtained for neat and modified asphalt binder via Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. Using Christensen-Anderson- Marasteanu (CAM) model, master curves ...

Rutting is one of the major distresses in the flexible pavements, which is heavily influenced by the asphalt mixtures properties at high temperatures. There are several methods for the characterization of the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. Flow number is one of the most important parameters that can be used for the evaluation of rutting. The flow number is measured by the dynamic creep...

Permanent deformation (rutting) is one of the typical failure modes asphalt pavement with a semirigid base in high-temperature areas. To address issues structure and remaining life prediction, method combining accelerated testing finite element (FE) simulation was proposed. A modified Burgers model considering creep parameter damage obtained using strain monitoring data laboratory test values, ...

Document summarizes a procedure to establish pay factors for asphalt concrete pavement construction using performance models for fatigue and rutting based on the analysis of accelerated pavement tests from the Caltrans Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) and the WesTrack accelerated pavement performance test program. Results of the performance-based approach are compared with pay factors determined b...

Bouts of vocalizations given by seven red deer stags were recorded over the rutting period, and homomorphic analysis and hidden Markov models (two techniques typically used for the automatic recognition of human speech utterances) were used to investigate whether the spectral envelope of the calls was individually distinctive. Bouts of common roars (the most common call type) were highly indivi...