The electric-field distribution in a single mode of $\ensuremath{\lambda}/4$ superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) microwave resonator has been probed using beams helium Rydberg atoms. In the experiments atoms were prepared $1\mathrm{s}55\mathrm{s}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ level by laser photoexcitation. They then traveled over CPW that was fabricated on NbN chip op...

We prove that every Condorcet-consistent voting rule can be manipulated by a voter who completely reverses their preference ranking, assuming that there are at least 4 alternatives. This corrects an error and improves a result of [Sanver, M. R., & Zwicker, W. S. (2009). One-way monotonicity as a form of strategy-proofness. Int J Game Theory 38(4), 553-574.] For the case of precisely 4 alternati...

The Constitutional Court’s decision in Tshabalala v S; Ntuli S 2020 2 SACR 38 CC is undoubtedly a step the right direction towards rape law reform South Africa, however, this article challenges court’s to extend application of common doctrine rape. It argued that court could have highlighted power dynamics at play during commission without denouncing instrumentality as central element crime. Th...

this is the obligation of judge in civil trial to finding substantive rule of law which is governing to a case in current resource of law. as an important role, it depends to have an accurate acknowledge about rule's resources and applying it in governing legal system. in iranian positive law we can see two rule of law concerning this obligation, first in principle 167 of constitution and ...