This paper discusses the application of the thought experiment methodology to qualitative reasoning . Problem solving using this technique involves simplification of the original problem, solution of the simplifie d problem, and generalization of the results obtained . Our emphasis in this work is to demonstrate th e effectiveness of this approach in addressing complexity and grain size issues ...

structures

William Cowper’s ‘fearless’ ‘confession’ is situated, in The Task (1784), as an introduction to the free operations of the fancy that make up the poem’s influential ‘brown study’ episode. Having ‘a soul that does not always think’ serves, in the passage that follows, not as an inhibition so much as an opportunity for the poet’s mind to do much more than think. The ‘ludicrous and wild’ conjuring...

in this research, my problem is what the major criteria of supremebliss in al-ghazali's thought are. the methodology in thisinvestigation is analytic-descriptive. in his works, al-ghazali offersdifferent criteria, such as knowing god, proximity to him, meetinghim, to love him and so on. to actualize the last one, al-ghazalisuggests two methods: one: interruption of concern with mundaneworl...

The paper investigates the role played by ethical deliberation and ethical judgment in Wittgenstein's early thought in the light of twentieth-century German legal philosophy. In particular the theories of the phenomenologists Adolf Reinach, Wilhelm Schapp, and Gerhart Husserl are singled out, as resting on ontologies which are structurally similar to that of the Tractatus: in each case it is ac...

marx,s viewpoint with regard to state had ever been an controversial discussion. he has two important viewpoint about existing state from political sociology viowpiont. one of that state depends of them relative independent from classes. in this article we tried to consider only the first marx,s viowpiont that class dependency on state in it. where is the basis of state, why he belive it depend...

according to halabi, a theologian and jurist in fifth century (ah), a human being is a responsible creature who needs a guide to carry out his responsibilities. while imam mahdi was present, one had to refer to him for guidence, but in his absence one has to refer to a just faqih. thus, there is no other choice; all other ruling systems lacking legitimacy.

justice is an original fact in the universe. it isnot conventional. and, it refers to the consideration of proportion in doing anything. imam ali lived in harmony with the originally created justice in the universe. he observed the justice in the heavens and the earth and did his best to apply it to his own life and to the islamic society, as well. he thought justice was the cause for the survi...

We have proposed a novel application of Markov decision processes (MDPs), a reinforcement learning technique, to automatically generate hints using historical student data. Using this technique, we have modified a an existing, non-adaptive logic proof tutor called Deep Thought with a Hint Factory that provides hints on the next step a student might take. This paper presents the results of our p...

This work explores the effects of using automatically generated hints in Deep Thought, a propositional logic tutor. Generating hints automatically removes a large amount of development time for new tutors, and it also useful for already existing computer-aided instruction systems that lack intelligent feedback. We focus on a series of problems, after which, the control group is known to be 3.5 ...