the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of outside board on rm value in tehran stock exchange (tse) from the perspective of information transaction costs. to do so, a sample of 96 firms listed in tse is selected to be studied during the period of 2003-2012. tobin q ratio is used to measure rm's value and bid-ask spread for information transaction costs. in addition to these v...

According to the principle of relative-strength competition, stronger items in memory block the retrieval of weaker items. This principle, integral to many theories of forgetting over the years, derives much of its support from the list-strength effect (LSE), in which strengthening some items in a study list makes it more difficult to recall other items. Work in the retrieval-induced forgetting...

Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) defined the Content-Type parameter "smime-type". As the list of defined values for that parameter has increased, it has become clear that a registry is needed to document these values. This document creates the registry, registers the current values, and specifies the policies for registration of new values. Information about the current sta...