There is recent and widespread interest in the damage-associated molecular pattern molecules S100A8 and S100A9 in cardiovascular science. These proteins have a number of interesting features and functions. For example, S100A8 and S100A9 (S100A8/A9) have both intracellular and extracellular actions, they are abundantly expressed in inflammatory and autoimmune states, primarily by myeloid cells b...

BACKGROUND S100A8 plays a role in various functions of myeloid cells by forming a heterocomplex with S100A9. S100A8 and S100A9 are also known to be overexpressed in certain species of carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the protein expression of S100A8 as well as that of S100A9 was investigated in thyroid tumors. RESULTS All of the undifferentiated carcinomas were immunopositiv...

There is recent and widespread interest in the damage-associated molecular pattern molecules S100A8 and S100A9 in cardiovascular science. These proteins have a number of interesting features and functions. For example, S100A8 and S100A9 (S100A8/A9) have both intracellular and extracellular actions, they are abundantly expressed in inflammatory and autoimmune states, primarily by myeloid cells b...

S100A8 is a major cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages and has been associated with myeloid cell differentiation and activation. Little is known about its functions or mechanisms of release from neutrophils. We have developed a monoclonal antibody to murine S100A8, which cross-reacts with human S100A8. This antibody, which recognizes the homodimeric form of the protein, ...

BACKGROUND Typhoid fever, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a major cause of community-acquired bacteremia and death worldwide. S100A8 (MRP8) and S100A9 (MRP14) form bioactive antimicrobial heterodimers (calprotectin) that can activate Toll-like receptor 4, promoting lethal, endotoxin-induced shock and multi-organ failure. We aimed to characterize the e...

INTRODUCTION The objective was to evaluate the changes in S100A8 S100A9, and their complex (S100A8/S100A9) in cartilage during the onset of osteoarthritis (OA) as opposed to inflammatory arthritis. METHODS S100A8 and S100A9 protein localization were determined in antigen-induced inflammatory arthritis in mice, mouse femoral head cartilage explants stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1), and in ...

BACKGROUND Onset of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and prostatic carcinoma (PCA) is usually insidious with dogs presenting at an advanced stage of the disease. A biomarker that can facilitate early detection of TCC/PCA and improve patient survival would be useful. S100A8/A9 (calgranulin A/B or calprotectin) and S100A12 (calgranulin C) are expressed by cells of the innate immune system...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE S100A8 and S100A9, two members of the S100 protein family, have been reported in association with the tumor cell differentiation and tumor progression. Previous study has showed that their expression in stromal cells of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is associated with tumor size. Here, we investigated the clinical significances of S100A8 and S100A9 in tumor cells of CRC an...

BACKGROUND Seronegative joint diseases are characterized by a lack of well-defined biomarkers since autoantibodies are not elevated. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) which is released by activated phagocytes, and high levels are found in seronegative arthritides. In this study, we investigated the biomarker potential of systemic and local levels of these ...

Malignant transformation results in abnormal cell cycle regulation and uncontrolled growth in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other cancers. S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) is a calcium-binding heterodimeric protein complex implicated in cell cycle regulation, but the specific mechanism and role in cell cycle control and carcinoma growth are not well understood. In HNSCC, S100A8/A9 i...