The current but inconsistent upheaval in the Middle East suggests variations in what will topple regimes, and thus in how regimes have laid the groundwork to remain in power. This thesis examines variation in a social condition, relative dominance of a ruling ethnic group in a multi-ethnic society, as the source for systematic variations in how a mono-ethnic regime will justify its rule to the ...

The Iraqi state-directed demographic engineering of the oil-rich Kurdish districts Kirkuk and Khanaqin was launched in early 1920s has continued to present day. history use Arabization as a geopolitical strategy for controlling oil revenue region been investigated (Talabany 2008; 2011). issue genocide within these various ethnic constructions remains understudied. This article, informed by inte...

iraq is a country with many social cleavages, due to its ethnic and religious diversity, and because pf the inability of its political elite, this feature has always hindered resolving its problems. with the removal of the authoritarian regime of sadam hossein, ethnic and religious disputes escalated to their peak. the main question in this article is why has ethnic and sectarian violence exace...

The United States and its allies invaded Iraq in 2003 with the declared intention of removing Saddam Hussein’s regime. Although it was determined after the war that Iraq did not possess weapons of mass destruction (WMD), removing a regime believed to be in possession of WMD raises the possibility that the post-9/11 US security policy is more willing than previously believed to tolerate the risk...

eight years of sacred defense of iran against saddam hussein's baath regime has been studied from different perspectives. meanwhile, western analysts also have discussed this war from their own point of view which can be important and worthy in its own turn. now that many years have passed from the termination of iraq war against iran, reviewing and analyzing this war can expose many negle...

Scholars are critical of how economists overlook “the questions genocide,” and legislatures have not paid adequate attention to the subject looting, except in case Armenian genocide. This article, informed by interdisciplinary perspectives, uses government documents, data, semi-structured interviews discuss overlooked triangle economics, Anfal genocide Kurds Iraq. The study refuses limit itself...