The present study was planned to investigate the effect of the intensity of exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia and blood lactate concentration in regularly trained Italian saddle jumper horses. On the first day five female horses performed 1 h of walking on an electronically controlled horse-walker at 100 m/min; on the second day 1 h session...

The use of whips by jockeys is an issue. The current study viewed opportunistic high-speed footage of 15 race finishes frame-by-frame to examine the outcomes of arm and wrist actions (n = 350) on 40 horses viewed from the left of the field. Any actions fully or partially obscured by infrastructure or other horses were removed from the database, leaving a total of 104 non-contact sweeps and 134 ...

It is not known whether the instincts of wild horses have remained strong during their centuries of domestication. Knowledge of this matter would give riders the opportunity to know more about the behavior of horses and consequently about safety for both horses and riders. In this current research, we studied the behavior of fifteen Caspian miniature horses of different ages and sexes using sti...

The numbers of horses grazing at pasture are increasing in developed countries, so a proper understanding of their feeding selectivity and of the tactics they use for extracting nutrients from swards is essential for themanagement of horses and grasslands. Resource acquisition in herbivores can be optimised through the modulation of their intake and patch selection both being strongly dependent...

purpose: to report two cases of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (gpa) presented ocular manifestations. cases report: we report two cases of scleritis with red eye, one of them was a 30 years old female patient with saddle nose and positive c-anca and the other one was a 56 year-old female patient with lung cavitation and positive c-anca. both cases undergone corticosteroid and immunosuppressiv...