the crisis of the religios legitimacy of safavids close to the end of this dynasty’s governance triggered many uprisings and rebellions in different parts of their ruling domain. sheikh baha_al_din estiri was the leader of one of the most important uprisings in khorasan. the sheikh, who has been frustrated with the safavid court and government’s indifference regarding the ozbacks’ attacks made ...

While the subject of Venetian espionage in Ottoman empire has received scholarly attention, no attempt been made to study baili’s intelligence-gathering activities on Safavid issues a systematic way. Through close scrutiny baili dispatches and other relevant materials State archives, this paper examines role diplomats Istanbul information-gathering Safavids. It demonstrates that used various te...

Abstract This article looks at the history of jesters affiliated with Iranian court during Safavid and Zand periods. I present several case studies ( dalqak ), featuring Kal ʿEnāyat Dalāleh Qezī from period Lūṭī Ṣāleḥ period. From various primary resources including memoirs, European travelogues, court-associated chronicles, relate accounts associated these personalities describe their unique r...

The Safavid society’s approach to sexuality and gender has made it a reference for the “pre-modern” discourse, in which manifest—in contemporary terminology—queerness fluidity. While is important not romanticize image of Orient as queer heaven, possible consider society an site inquiry that offers valuable insights on pre-colonial sexuality. A less discussed topic literature gendered sexual sla...

evliya chelebi (1611-1682), was an ethnically ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the ottoman empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the seyahatname. during his lifetime, evliya chelebi made three journeys to safavid iran: the first in 1646 to azerbaijan and caucasus, the second in 1647 which was a very shor...

abstract there is interchange of cultures and different kinds of ethnos music in the world between different cultures as acculturation. the economical, trade and political interchange, war and immigration has played a prominent role on acculturation; and obviously most of the time dominant culture has more influence on the other culture. one of the acculturation in the field of music devoted to...