Studies were designed to examine whether the thin ascending limb of Henle (tALH) decreases its luminal solute concentration by an active or a passive transport process. In all experiments isolated segments of rabbit tALH were perfused in vitro. When tubules were perfused with solutions identical to the bath, active transport of NaCl was excluded by the following: (a) osmolality of the collected...

We introduce the additives effect in molten salts such as commercially pure KNO3 and polluted KNO3. The results showed that case of commercial purity KNO3, only KOH improved compressive stress (CS) ion-exchanged glasses up to ∼50 MPa, others did not make CS improvement. Rather than was diminished by additive contamination. In contaminated K3PO4, K2CO3, K2SO4 successfully removed impurities, Na+...

Abstract The hydrodynamics of a Top Submerged Lance (TSL) slag bath are investigated here by means Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. object the study is pilot-scale furnace located at TU Bergakademie Freiberg, where air injected beneath with top lance. fluid dynamics system evaluated operating conditions, experimentally measured physical properties and real flow rates. numerical ap...

Herein, a 2D unified model coupling plasma arc–molten bath–cavity in direct current electric arc furnace was developed for characteristic analysis of the fluid flow and heating rate molten bath. The ‘local thermodynamic equilibrium–diffusion approximation’ method employed physical phenomenon at arc/molten bath interface, volume-of-fluid used to track free surface. After ensuring validation, for...

Slag fuming is a process of extracting zinc from molten slag in the form of metal vapor by injecting or adding a reducing source such as pulverized or lump coal, natural gas, etc. Top Submerged Lance (TSL) technology has been successfully applied to extract zinc by a fuming process from residues from the zinc industry, ISF and QSL slag and Lead blast furnace slag. A Computational Fluid Dynamic ...

In the present study, a simple, rapid and sensitive method was developed for the determination of mercury concentrations in the muscle tissue of fish from the Brazilian Amazon using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) following acid mineralization of the samples in an ultrasonic cold water bath. Using copper nitrate as a chemical modifier in solution and sodium tungstate as ...