In this article, the electrode erosion and the gap growth of spark plugs were measured on of a CNG fueled engine after durability tests. Then, the required ignition voltage and the spark quality were investigated by a spark plug test rig. Considering results of measurements, the gap growth increased as the running time increased. Thus, the gap growth of spark plugs with 200 and 280 hours runnin...

Although the proximate mechanisms behind the formation of copulatory plugs are well understood, their distribution and function among primates remain largely unstudied. During a study of female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) mating behaviour on Cayo Santiago, we examined the pattern of the distribution of visible copulatory plugs among females and their potential relationship to female reprodu...

Effects of some important parameters like impactor effects, plug geometry and initiation points on bonding aluminum tubes to aluminum plugs were studied. The impact velocity and dynamic angle between tube and plug should be precisely managed to achieve an optimum bonding condition. A new explosive bonding technique with the use of two material impactors was proposed. Results are especially suit...

BACKGROUND High-frequency B scan ultrasonography is a proven method for the assessment of anterior segment diseases. Only few studies have used sonography to examine the lacrimal drainage system. We examined the proximal lacrimal drainage system by high-resolution 20-MHz ultrasound to verify the possibility to identify intracanalicular lacrimal plugs. METHODS Eight patients who had received 1...

  Application of Archie equation in carbonate reservoirs is not easy due to high dependence of its parameters on carbonate characteristics. Carbonates are very heterogeneous in nature and hydrocarbon reserve estimation in these reservoirs of mostly oil-wet and intermediate-wet is highly influenced by the input values of saturation exponent. To our knowledge, non representative oils have been us...

This paper reports a method for the production of arrays of nanolitre plugs with distinct chemical compositions. One of the primary constraints on the use of plug-based microfluidics for large scale biological screening is the difficulty of fabricating arrays of chemically distinct plugs on the nanolitre scale. Here, using microfluidic devices with several T-junctions linked in series, a single...

Restoration of wet prairie in the central midwestern United States should include Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), but historic densities of this once dominant species are not easily achieved. Spartina pectinata was transplanted into a former agricultural field in three planting strategies: 20 small plugs, 4 medium-sized plugs, and a single large plug, with each treatment area totaling 0...

introduction: endodontic treatment in pulpless immature teeth is challenging due to the lack of an apical stop. insertion of an apical plug is an alternative to conventional long-term apexification with calcium hydroxide. the aim of this study was to compare the apical microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement as apical plugs with three different...

PURPOSE Osteochondral impaction grafting to manage isolated chondral defects in femoral condyles usually uses a metal punch to impact the grafts into predrilled cavities. Damage to the chondrocytes during impaction is a concern, however, and new methods are being sought to minimise the damage. We studied if impaction with a plastic punch instead of a metal punch reduces the extent of chondrocyt...