Capacitive Deionization [2] (CDI [3]) is a water [4] purification process that offers promise in the deionization of salt and brackish water [4]. The process can create potable water [4] out of salt laden water [4] by using electric currents to separate the ions in the solution and attract them to cathode and anode plates. These plates act as filters, drawing salt and other ionized metals out o...

To investigate the effect of calcium salts on the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous solutions of proteins, we report ternary diffusion coefficients for the lysozyme-CaCl2-water ternary system at 25 degrees C and pH 4.5. We have used our ternary diffusion coefficients to calculate preferential-interaction coefficients as a function of salt concentration. This has allowed us to ch...

The agro-hydrological Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) model was calibrated and validated to simulate water–salt transport based on field experiments in an arid region of China. The simulation results show lower soil water content but higher salt concentration under deficit irrigation. Soil water and salinity below 95 cm at 80% evapotranspiration (ETc ) treatments and 65 cm at 60% ETc treatme...

The idea that Na(+) retention inevitably leads to water retention is compelling; however, were Na(+) accumulation in part osmotically inactive, regulatory alternatives would be available. We speculated that in DOCA-salt rats Na(+) accumulation is excessive relative to water. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four subgroups. Groups 1 and 2 (controls) received tap water or 1% sal...

We employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the wetting and evaporation of salt-water nanodroplets on platinum surfaces. Our results show that the contact angle of the droplets increases with the salt concentration. To verify this, a second simulation system of a thin salt-water film on a platinum surface is used to calculate the various surface tensions. We find that both the solid-liqui...

in this study some thermodynamic parameters including freezing point, boiling point and the vapor pressure of urmia lake salt water were investigated as some important environmentally monitored physicochemical properties of urmia lake. in this regard salt concentration is chiefly responsible for the modification of the thermodynamic properties of urmia lake water which affects its overall en...

It has long been viewed that the maintenance of osmotic balance in response to high salt intake is a passive process that is mediated largely by increased water consumption to balance the salt load. Two studies in this issue of the JCI challenge this notion and demonstrate that osmotic balance in response to high salt intake involves a complex regulatory process that is influenced by hormone fl...

1. The influence of salinity, temperature and physiological development on habitat choice by juvenile salmon is poorly understood. We measured differences in the net energetic cost of habitats that differed in salinity or temperature using behavioural titration of juvenile salmon and correlated these costs with body size and osmoregulatory enzyme activity to quantify how costs change with physi...

kochia scoparia is a salt resistant plant that can be used in producing forage in the areas with salt water and soil resources. one of the problems which produce the forage plants in these areas decreases the function and quality of the forage in irrigation condition with salt water. therefore, using the chemical fertilizers can be considered as a useful solution. this study was conducted to ev...