Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic herb that is internationally regulated. In this study, salvinorin A, the active compound in S. divinorum, was extracted from S. divinorum plant leaves using a 5-min extraction with dichloromethane. Four additional Salvia species (Salvia officinalis, Salvia guaranitica, Salvia splendens, and Salvia nemorosa) were extracted using this procedure, and all extrac...

The aim of this work is to assess the morphological characteristics and parameters of biomass production, such as fresh and dry matter weight (FMW and DMW, g/plant), yield of dry matter (YDM) in terms of ton/ha, essential oil content (EOC, mL/100 g) and yield of essential oils (YEO) expressed as L/ha of the following plants Salvia verbenaca, Salvia argentea, Salvia lavandulifolia, Salvia praten...

We propose linear systems of hedge language equations (LSH) as a formalism to represent regular hedge languages. These linear systems are suitable for several computations in the algebra of regular hedge languages. We indicate algorithms to translate between representations by hedge automata and LSH, and for the computation of LSH for the intersection, quotient, left and right factors of regula...

To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Salvia miltiorrhiza and related species, we analyzed the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for 7 accessions of Salvia miltiorrhiza and another 23 samples from other taxa within the genus Salvia by maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses. Th ere were 257 variation sites amounting to 40.8...

We acknowledge the LBS Centre for Hedge Fund Research and Education for providing the hedge fund data used in this paper. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at Abstract This paper studies the risk in fixed-income hedge fund styles. Principal component analysis is applied to groups of fixed-income hedge funds to extract common sources of risk and return. These common sources of risk a...

A key criterion for applying hedge accounting under SFAS 133 is the demonstration of hedge effectiveness. Retrospective assessment of hedge effectiveness may reveal hedge ineffectiveness – the extent to which a gain (loss) on the hedging derivative is not offset by a corresponding loss (gain) on the hedged item. SFAS 133 requires that this accounting measure of hedge ineffectiveness be reported...

This paper investigates hedge fund performance and risk. The empirical evidence indicates that hedge funds differ substantially from traditional investment vehicles such as mutual funds. The funds with watermarks significantly outperform the funds without watermarks. The average hedge fund returns are related positively to incentive fees, the size of the fund, and the lockup period. Hedge funds...

SEPTEMBER 2002 THE JOURNAL OF FIXED INCOME 1 H edge fund strategies came under intense scrutiny with the stressful market events surrounding the near collapse of Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM). Several studies were sponsored by regulatory agencies in the financial markets, including the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets [1999], and the Bank for International Settlements [1999a...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the...