BACKGROUND The cost of certain diseases may lead to catastrophic expenses and impoverishment of households without full financial support by the state and other organizations. OBJECTIVE To determine the socioeconomic impact of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cost in the context of catastrophic expenses and impoverishment. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a cohort-nested cross-sectional multicente...

BACKGROUND High levels of maternal mortality and large associated inequalities exist in low-income and middle-income countries. Adolescent pregnancies remain common, and pregnant adolescent women face elevated risks of maternal mortality and poverty. We examined the distribution across socioeconomic groups of maternal deaths and impoverishment among adolescent girls (15-19 years old) in Niger, ...

Multi-Object tracking (MOT) is an important problem in a number of vision applications. For particle filter (PF) tracking, as the number of objects tracked increases, the search space for random sampling explodes in dimension. Partitioned sampling (PS) solves this problem by partitioning the search space, then searching each partition sequentially. However, sequential weighted resampling steps ...

background: protecting households against financial risks is one of objectives of any health system. in this regard, iran's fourth five year developmental plan act in its 90th article, articulated decreasing household's exposure to catastrophic health expenditure to one percent. hence, this study aimed to measure percentage of iranian households exposed to catastrophic health expenditures and t...

Particle filter algorithm is a filtering method which uses Monte Carlo idea within the framework of Bayesian estimation theory. It approximates the probability distribution by using particles and discrete random measure which is consisted of their weights, it updates new discrete random measure recursively according to the algorithm. When the sample is large enough, the discrete random measure ...

An integrity monitoring system is an inseparable part of global positioning system (GPS). According to the measurement noise feature of GPS receiver and the degeneracy phenomenon and alleviating the sample impoverishment problem in particle filter (PF). An approach to fault detection and isolation (FDI) for GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) based on genetic resampling particle...

FastSLAM is a framework for simultaneous localization using a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter. In FastSLAM, particle filter is used for the mobile robot pose (position and orientation) estimation, and an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used for the feature location’s estimation. However, FastSLAM degenerates over time. This degeneracy is due to the fact that a particle set estimating the pose...

This paper aims to model the dynamics of social deprivation in Mexico using a Markovian approach. First, we establish scenario where list items characterizing evolves as first-order Markov chain under sample period (2002-2012). Then, estimate latent states and ergodic vectors hidden-Markov verify strength conclusions drawn from such scenario. After collecting results both kinds analyses, find s...