Recently published studies that investigate the effect of benefit cuts on the employment prospects of unemployed show that sanctions substantially increase the probability of an individual to get employed. This evidence suggests at first sight that benefit sanctions are an effective tool in the activation process of the unemployed and should be used more frequently by welfare agencies to enhanc...

Integrating social learning and deterrence literatures, the present study hypothesizes a circumstance in which aspects of sanction threats mitigate the influence of deviant peers on criminal offending. Multiple regression analyses of the National Youth Survey (Wave VI, 1984) yielded results generally consistent with the hypothesized relationships: 1) Deviant peers predict self-offending after c...

A model of political contribution of dynamic common agency where state-contingent agreements must be self-enforced is considered. Two issues are mainly examined; punishment strategy on deviation and the limit and scope of implicit agreements. The punishment strategy on the principals takes a form of two-phase scheme in general and, more specifically, it is either an “Exclusion-type”, on which t...

One type of regulation that has recently started to attract the attention of policymakers regarding artisanal fisheries is that of Territorial Use Rights (commonly known as TURFs in the literature). TURFs basically consist in the allocation of fishing rights to individuals and/or groups to fish in certain geographical locations. A requisite for these communities to be granted fishing rights is ...

Agents may commit a crime twice. The act is inefficient so that the agents are to be deterred. The agents are wealth constrained so that increasing the fine for the first offense means a reduction in the sanction for the second offense and vice versa. The agents may follow history dependent strategies. The government seeks to minimize the probability of apprehension. The optimal sanction scheme...

abstract the purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis first proposed by romer (1993); suggesting that inflation is lower in more open economies. according to this hypothesis, central banks have a lower incentive to engineer surprise inflations in more-open economies because the phillips curve is steeper. furthermore, comparing with other empirical studies, this paper has used the new kof...

We present a refinement of Anderson’s reduction of deontic logic to modal logic with only alethic modalities. The refined proposal contextualizes the Andersonian sanction constant s by replacing it with a unary sanction operator S that is dependent on the concrete normative requirement that is violated. A formula SB is then for instance interpreted as “B causes a sanction” or as “B provides a r...