Complex life cycles have evolved independently numerous times in marine animals as well as in disparate algae. Such life histories typically involve a dispersive immature stage followed by settlement and metamorphosis to an adult stage on the sea floor. One commonality among animals exhibiting transitions of this type is that their larvae pass through a 'precompetent' period in which they do no...

Anthropogenic fire is a form of ecosystem engineering that creates greater landscape patchiness at small spatial scales: such rescaling of patch diversity through mosaic burning has been argued to be a form of niche construction, the loss of which may have precipitated the decline and extinction of many endemic species in the Western Desert of Australia. We find evidence to support this hypothe...

Organisms with different life-histories and abilities to disperse often utilise habitat patches in different ways. We investigated the influence of the size of patches of rock (separated by stretches of sand) on the density of pulmonate limpets (Siphonaria spp.) along 1500 km of the linear landscape of the South African coastline. We compared the influence of patch-size on two congeneric specie...

In Brazil, Froelichia tomentosa (Mart.) Moq. has records of occurrence in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Bahia, however, the former there are indications that its populations extinct. RS, restricted to region sandy- fields. this region, biodiversity been threatened by advances agriculture forestry intensified sandy patch process. Therefore, work aimed describe morphoanatomy ultrastructure leaf blad...

background the aim of the present study was to compare two analgesic techniques for transrectal ultrasound (trus)-guided biopsy: diclofenac patch versus periprostatic nerve block with 1% lidocaine. objectives to study the efficacy of and compare diclofenac patch and periprostatic nerve block as analgesia in trus-guided prostate needle biopsy. patients and methods in total, 60 patients were pros...

In this paper, we propose a new compact quasi-fractal shaped microstrip antenna that consists of a hexagonal patch as the main radiator and a complementary stacked patch as the parasitic element. The overall surface of the proposed quasi-fractal patch is about 55% lower than the conventional hexagonal patch. Using of stacked technique, the gain reduction of compression technique is almost compe...

This section introduces important animals that are not regarded as causing fairy circles. It is rather assumed they take advantage of resources and structures provided by Some them directly use the Sand termites a food resource (e.g. Aardvark), others occupy various positions within webs at circles Seothyra spiders feeding on Tetramorium ants which forage Psammotermes). Others seem to simply ma...