The restricted earth fault (REF) relay is a type of differential protection which is used for detection of internal ground faults of power transformers. But, during external faults and transformer energization conditions, the probability of current transformer (CT) saturation increases. Thus, the spurious differential current due to CT saturation, can lead to REF relay maloperation. In this pap...

Malfunctions in relay protection devices are predominantly caused by current transformer (CT) saturation which produces distortion measurements and disturbances power system protection. The development of deep learning is on the rise recently because its robustness. This study presents a CT detection where secondary becomes distorted. proposed scheme offers wide range consists moving-window tec...

The p-i-n carbon nanotube (CNT) devices suffer from low ON/OFF current ratio and small saturation current. In this paper by band bending engineering, we improved the device performance of p-i-n CNT field effect transistors (CNTFET). A triple gate all around structure is proposed to manage the carrier transport along the channel. We called this structure multi-segment gate (MSG) CNTFET. Band to ...

Study and analysis of a proposed high-voltage high current switching n-p-n silicon germanium single-heterojunction bipolar transistor (SHBT) is performed using 2D MEDICI device simulator. A theoretical formulation is provided to substantiate the simulation results obtained regarding quasi-saturation phenomenon in bipolar transistors. Comparison with the conventional high-voltage current switchi...

A method is presented for the steady-state analysis of universal motors operating under direct or alternating voltage sources, and in the presence of saturation of the iron in the magnetic circuit. The saturation is modelled through a completely general functional dependence of the air-gap flux on the current, thus resulting in a unified treatment for various saturation models. It is shown that...

background & aim : pulse oximetry is a frequently used and standard non-invasive method for monitoring oxygen (o2)-saturation in blood. many factors including dark skin and pigmentation may effect on rate of saturation of the blood oxygen absorbed by pulse oximetry. the effect of nail polish and/or henna color on blood oxygen has not been yet identified and the present study has been carried ou...

the simultaneous flow of oil and water in porous media is described by relative permeability curves, mainly derived from laboratory experiments. relative permeability is of paramount importance in predicting reservoir production performance and drive mechanisms and its value depends largely on the volume fraction of fluids present in the test samples. nowadays x-ray scanners are one of the most...

OF THESIS MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CURRENT TRANSFORMER BASED ON JILESATHERTON THEORY AND SATURATION DETECTION METHOD Current transformer saturation will cause the secondary current distortion. When saturation occurs, the secondary current will not be linearly proportional to the primary current, which may lead to maloperation of protection devices. This thesis researches and tests two detecting m...

We investigated the features of the inward-rectifier K channel Kir1.1 (ROMK) that underlie the saturation of currents through these channels as a function of permeant ion concentration. We compared values of maximal currents and apparent K(m) for three permeant ions: K(+), Rb(+), and NH(4)(+). Compared with K(+) (i(max) = 4.6 pA and K(m) = 10 mM at -100 mV), Rb(+) had a lower permeability, a lo...