The lower parallactic depth threshold is determined by (a) the ratio of relative image velocity to head velocity when the head moves fast (>13 cm/s) and (b) the motion threshold when the head moves slow (<13 cm/s). These two results are explained by a single system that codes the ratio of relative image velocity to head velocity, using the same image velocity signal as that used for motion perc...

There is well known variation in the Scandinavian languages with respect to verb placement in embedded clauses (see e.g. Holmberg & Platzack 1995, Bobaljik 2002, Thráinsson 2010, Heycock et al. 2012 inter alia). In the modern Mainland Scandinavian languages, the finite verb follows negation in relative clauses and embedded questions (henceforth V-in-situ ). In Icelandic, on the other hand, the ...

This paper presents a method of embedding circumscriptive theories in general disjunctive programs. In a general disjunctive program, negation as failure occurs not only in the body but in the head of a rule. In this setting, minimized predicates of a circumscriptive theory are speci ed using the negation in the body, while xed and varying predicates are expressed by the negation in the head. M...

Knowledge of how the head moves during locomotion is essential for understanding how locomotion is controlled by sensory systems of the head. We have analyzed head movements of the cat walking along a straight flat pathway in the darkness and light. We found that cats' head left-right translations, and roll and yaw rotations oscillated once per stride, while fore-aft and vertical translations, ...

In this paper, controlling the location of the tip of an L-shape beam under gravity field is investigated. The beam is covered with piezoelectric patches. The gravity filed moves the tip of beam downward and the actuators with induced voltage move the tip to the previous location. to optimize the best location and voltages for actuators, the particle swarm optimization algorithm code is develop...

2 Introduction Within the Principle and Parameters model of Universal Grammar (UG), double negatives, which I will henceforth refer to as Negative Concord (NC), have been argued to invoke a fundamental syntactic relation between the head and the specifier of a constituent. More precisely, it has been proposed that sentential negation universally projects a syntactic constituent conform to X' th...

The main aim of this paper is to provide a new analysis of licensers of negative polarity items (NPIs). The problems with Fauconnier-Ladusaw's downward entailment analysis have been argued since Linebarger (1980). I will show that there exists a class of weak NPI licensers characterized by non-monotonicity and exclusivity. Weak negation, which is monotone decreasing, has been known to license w...