The evolutionary approach called scatter search originated from strategies for creating composite decision rules and surrogate constraints. Recent studies demonstrate the practical advantages of this approach for solving a diverse array of optimisation problems from both classical and real world settings. Scatter search cont rasts with other evolutionary procedures, such as genetic algorithms, ...

An important distinction of diffusion models is that they only model multiple scattering. We generally distinguish between scatter events at different path depths: Zero-scatter events are photons that enter a surface and immediately reach an exit point without having scattered in the medium itself. Single scatter events do the same with a single interaction inside the volume. Multiple scatter e...

Accurate scatter correction is one of the major problems facing quantitative 3D PET and many methods have been developed for the purpose of reducing the resultant degradation of image contrast and loss of quantitative accuracy. A new scatter correction method called Statistical Reconstruction-Based Scatter Correction (SRBSC) is proposed in this paper and evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations,...

background: it was intended to investigate the effect of physical wedge (pw) and enhanced dynamic wedges (edw) on contralateral breast dose during primary breast irradiation in radiotherapy treatment, using high energy photon beams. materials and methods: the varian’s clinac dual mode linear accelerator model 2100 c/d and siemen’s primus accelerators were used for radiation doses with 6 mv and ...

A class of projection based scatter depth functions is introduced and studied. In order to use the depth function effectively, some favorable properties are suggested for the common scatter depth functions. We show the proposed scatter depth totally satisfies these desirable properties and its sample version possess strong and √ n uniform consistency. Under some regularity conditions, the limit...

It is shown that any pair of scatter and spatial scatter matrices yields an estimator of the separating matrix for complex-valued independent component analysis (ICA). Scatter (resp. spatial scatter) matrix is a generalized covariance matrix in the sense that it is a positive definite hermitian matrix functional that satisfies the same affine (resp. unitary) equivariance property as does the co...