Deer antler preparations have been used to strengthen bones for centuries. It is particularly rich in collagen type I. This study aimed to unravel part of the purported bioremedial effect of Sika deer antler collagen type I (SDA-Col I) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The results suggest that SDA-Col I might be used to promote and regulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. SDA...

Traditional speech enhancement algorithms consider speech detection and estimation process independently. The simultaneous detection and estimation approach (SDA) combines both detection and estimation processes to reduce the effects due to missed detection. SDA is based on an estimator which minimizes bayesian risk with the aid of minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator. The MMSE estimator ...

Among numerous iterative methods for solving the minimal nonnegative solution of an M -matrix algebraic Riccati equation, the structure-preserving doubling algorithm (SDA) stands out owing to its overall efficiency as well as accuracy. SDA is globally convergent and its convergence is quadratic, except for the critical case for which it converges linearly with the linear rate 1=2. In this paper...

The most attractive feature of SDA is its operation at a single temperature, which removes the need for instrumented temperature cycling as with PCR and the ligase chain reaction. Highly reproducible temperature profiles, over a large array of samples, can burden the accuracy and expense of an amplification technique. However, the expense of a temperature cycler is offset somewhat by the cost o...

This study explored the barriers to a meaningful translation of didactic classroom instruction to clinical practice, using the shortened dental arch (SDA) concept as a case study. A combination of survey and individual and group interviews (a mixed-methods approach) was used to collect data related to the SDA. The cohort consisted of senior dental students and their clinical teachers at the Uni...

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of 4 levels of dietary protein (20, 30, 40 and 50%) and lipids (2, 4, 8 and 16%) on the magnitude and duration of specific dynamic action (SDA) and postprandial nitrogen excretion in the subadult white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using computer-controlled metabolic chambers (continuous-flow respirometer). We determined the oxygen consumption rate at 1 h in...

In this paper we propose a structured doubling algorithm (SDA) for the computation of the minimal nonnegative solutions to the nonsymmetric algebraic Riccati equation (NARE) and its dual equation simultaneously, for a singular case. Similar to the Newton’s method we establish a global and linear convergence for SDA under the singular condition, using only elementary matrix theory. Numerical exp...

We say that a mechanism is harmless if no student can ever misreport his preferences so that he does not hurt but someone else. We consider a large class of rules which includes the Boston, the agent-proposing deferred acceptance, and the school-proposing deferred acceptance mechanisms (sDA). In this large class, the sDA happens to the unique harmless mechanism. We next provide two axiomatic ch...

In this paper, a new lifting-based shape-direction-adapti discrete wavelet transform (SDA-DWT) which can be used for arbitraril shaped segments is proposed. The SDA-DWT contains three major techniques: the lifting-based DWT, the adaptive directional technique, and the concept of object-based compression in MPEG-4. With SDA-DWT, the number of transformed coefficients is equal to the number of pi...

The consumption of EPA and DHA has been associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Mean intakes of EPA and DHA in the United States and elsewhere are below levels recommended by health authorities. The main non-marine source of dietary (n-3) fatty acids (α-linolenic acid) is poorly converted to EPA in humans. Stearidonic acid (SDA) is a non-marine fatty aci...