Sea urchins are dominant members of rocky temperate reefs around the world. They often occur in cavities within the rock, and fit so tightly, it is natural to assume they sculpted these "pits." However, there are no experimental data demonstrating they bore pits. If they do, what are the rates and consequences of bioerosion to nearshore systems? We sampled purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus...

demonstration of the geomorphological factors in setting the legal regime of the caspian seaintroduction:the caspian sea is the largest water basin which enclosed by land within eurasia continent. the caspian sea is unique in many reasons: the large deposits of oil and gas, valuable fishery resources; including 90% of the world’s stock of sturgeon, important transportation routes; connecting th...

in dynamic analysis of floating structures, the designer needs to know the wave forces due to incident and scattered waves on the structure. in this work, the flow field around the body is solved based on the potential theory with considering the free surface and sea bed effects. using this theory, the wave forces exerted on two typical sea buoys with spherical and disc-type bodies are determin...