The elevation angle θ is relevant for the Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications since it always changing its relative position with respect to fixed stations (ES’s), and this affects link length received power, PR. This article provides a new methodology compute probability density function (PDF) cumulative distribution (CDF) of angle, θ, diverse ES locations. requires as input paramet...

Free-space optical communication is restricted by random media-stimulated beam degradation. However, partially coherent structured beams modulated the coherence structure can potentially mitigate this negative effect. By employing extended Huygens–Fresnel integral, we provide an examination of second-order statistical features a common type partly beams, self-splitting in turbulent ocean. The i...

The separation of unobserved sources from mixed observed data is a fundamental signal processing problem. Most of the proposed techniques for solving this problem rely on independence or at least uncorrelation assumption for source signals. This paper introduces a technique for cases that source signals are correlated with each other. The method uses Wold decomposition principle for extracting ...