— This paper provides a household-level framework to understand the occurrence of secondary forests. We focus on the role of household life cycles as determinants of secondary vegetation on small farms in tropical Latin America. Following a review of socioeconomic research on secondary growth and a theoretical discussion of life cycle dynamics and land use, we pursue an empirical analysis of th...

We report a simple catalyst-free vapor-phase method to fabricate Zn1-xCuxO micro-cross structures. Through a series of controlled experiments by changing the location of the substrate and reaction time, we have realized the continuous evolution of product morphology from nanorods into brush-like structures and micro-cross structures at different positions, together with the epitaxial growth of ...

Most of the developed countries achieving their economic growth by exploring the innovation in the various sector. This research paper is focused on exploring innovation in the agriculture sector of Nepal. The NSI framework is analysed to enhance the quality of large cardamom. Furthermore, qualitative research method is conducted where data is collected from the primary and secondary sources. M...

fungi produce a wide range of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, toxins, alkaloids, fatty acids, ketones and alcohols during active cell growth. the present study was aimed to identify secondary metabolites from some penicillium species, using gc-ms. many important compounds such as 3-oxoquinuclidine in penicillium jenseii, formamidine in penicillium pusillum, orcinol and 1,3,8-p-mentha...

We describe a boy who presented at the age of 7 years with short stature due to hypopituitarism. Six months after starting appropriate hormone replacement treatment at the age of 8 he suffered his first generalised convulsion. Further neuroradiological investigation led to the diagnosis of moyamoya syndrome.

A hierarchical model for the growth of planar arch structures for RNA secondary structures is presented, and shown to be equivalent to a tree-growth model. Both models can be solved analytically, giving access to scaling functions for large molecules, and corrections to scaling, checked by numerical simulations of up to 6500 bases. The equivalence of both models should be helpful in understandi...

In the wake of widespread loss of old-growth forests throughout the tropics, secondary forests will likely play a growing role in the conservation of forest biodiversity. We considered a complex hierarchy of factors that interact in space and time to determine the conservation potential of tropical secondary forests. Beyond the characteristics of local forest patches, spatial and temporal lands...

Despite its economic and environmental significance, understanding the molecular biology of secondary growth (i.e. wood formation) in tree species has been lagging behind that of primary growth, primarily due to the inherent difficulties of tree biology. In recent years, Arabidopsis has been shown to express all of the major components of secondary growth. Arabidopsis was induced to undergo sec...