BACKGROUND The prevalence of menopause in women with or at risk of chronic kidney disease is increasing globally. Although international guidelines on menopause recommend the use of postmenopausal hormone therapy with or without selective estrogen receptor modulators for control of vasomotor symptoms, the effects of these treatments on kidney function and albuminuria are unclear. Furthermore, w...

OBJECTIVE In this study, the effects of estradiol valerate and raloxifenea selective estrogen receptor modulator; (SERM) on morphine induced sensitization were examined in mice memory, according to the step-down passive avoidance task. METHOD The mice received morphine or estradiol and raloxifene for three days alone or in combination with morphine. After a drug free period of 5 days, the sub...

PURPOSE Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) reduce the risk of breast cancer for women at increased risk by 38%. However, uptake is extremely low and the reasons for this are not completely understood. The aims of this study were to utilize time trade-off methods to determine the degree of risk reduction required to make taking SERMs worthwhile to women, and the factors associated wi...

A. Estrogens and primary prevention of cardiovas-cular disease B. Comparison of statins with estrogens for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease C. Effects of statins on new coronary events and survival D. Other agents with potential for prevention of car-diovascular disease E. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease III. Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis A. Estrogen therap...

ost of the previous observational studies suggest that estrogen replacement therapy reduces cardiovascular risks,1 but meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials showed increased risk of hormone replacement therapy for cardiovascular events.2 Both hypercoagulability and upregulation of inflammation-sensitive proteins could underline the increased risk of estrogen treatment in coronary artery d...

OBJECTIVE Raloxifene is a non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that mimics estrogenic activity on bone density and blood lipid concentration without uterotropic actions. Previous data from our laboratory indicated that, as is the case for estrogen, neonatal administration of raloxifene disturbed normal differentiation of the hypothalamic circuitries governing the gonadotro...