How do observers perceive the path of self-motion during rotation? Previous research suggests that extra-retinal information about eye movements is necessary at high rotation rates (2-5 degrees /s), but those experiments used sparse random-dot displays. With dense texture-mapped displays, we find the path can be perceived from retinal flow alone at high simulated rotation rates if (a) dense mot...

Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis Makino) is an important vegetable member of Brassica rapa crops. It exhibits a typical sporophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system and is an ideal model plant to explore the mechanism of SI. Gene expression research are frequently used to unravel the complex genetic mechanism and in such studies appropriate reference selection is vital....

We test a biologically motivated filtering method [9] for noise decreasing in optical flow fields. We use the task of heading detection from optic flow as a way to estimate improvements of flow fields generated by a standard algorithm. The image sequences which we use for the testing are directly calculated from three dimensional real world data assuming a given self motion. Thus we retain the ...

We recorded neuronal activity in monkey medial superior temporal (MST) cortex during movement on a motorized sled. Most neurons showed a preferred heading direction, but some responded only when that heading was part of a particular path. Others responded only when the animal was at a certain place in the room, regardless of its path to that place. Video simulations of the self-movement scene e...

We examined human heading judgement from second-order motion which was generated by random-dots with the contrast polarity determined randomly on each frame. It was found that human observers can judge heading fairly accurately from second-order motion when pure translation is simulated or when self-motion toward a ground plane with gaze rotation is simulated but they cannot when self-motion to...

Effective navigation and locomotion depend critically on an observer's ability to judge direction of linear self-motion, i.e., heading. The vestibular cue to heading is the direction of inertial acceleration that accompanies transient linear movements. This cue is transduced by the otolith organs. The otoliths also respond to gravitational acceleration, so vestibular heading discrimination coul...

Human heading perception based on optic flow is not only accurate, it is also remarkably robust and stable. These qualities are especially apparent when observers move through environments containing other moving objects, which introduce optic flow that is inconsistent with observer self-motion and therefore uninformative about heading direction. Moving objects may also occupy large portions of...

Observers viewed random-dot optical flow displays that simulated self-motion on a circular path and judged whether they would pass to the right or left of a target at 16 m. Two dots in two frames are theoretically sufficient to specify circular heading if the orientation of the rotation axis is known. Heading accuracies were better than 1.5 degrees with a ground surface, wall surface, and 3D cl...

Self-motion generates patterns of optic flow on the retina. Neurons in the dorsal part of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd) are selective for these optic flow patterns. It has been shown that neurons in this area that are selective for expanding optic flow fields are involved in heading judgments. We wondered how subpopulations of MSTd neurons, those tuned for expansion, rotation or spir...

How do people control locomotion while their eyes are simultaneously rotating? A previous study found that during simulated rotation, they can perceive a straight path of self-motion from the retinal flow pattern, despite conflicting extraretinal information, on the basis of dense motion parallax and reference objects. Here we report that the same information is sufficient for active control of...