SEVERAL authors (Lyle and Foley, 1955; Naylor, Shannon, and Stanworth, 1956; Naylor and Stanworth, 1959; Guzzinati and Salvi, 1957; Pasino, Maraini, and Santori, 1963) have observed the absence of a stereoscopic perception of depth in early convergent strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence. Even in patients with an extremely small fixed ocular deviation and harmonious anomalous retina...

SEVERAL authors (Lyle and Foley, 1955; Naylor, Shannon, and Stanworth, 1956; Naylor and Stanworth, 1959; Guzzinati and Salvi, 1957; Pasino, Maraini, and Santori, 1963) have observed the absence of a stereoscopic perception of depth in early convergent strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence. Even in patients with an extremely small fixed ocular deviation and harmonious anomalous retina...

Patients with long-standing unilateral strabismus, such as "sensory" exotropia in the absence of fusion, or esotropia with unilateral amblyopia, typically show bilateral deviations under anesthesia, often symmetric. Forced ductions usually show symmetric muscle tightness. Changes in extraocular muscle lengths thus appear to occur primarily bilaterally, whether fusion is present or not. With ske...

Postural control in upright stance requires the central integration of visual, vestibular, somatosensory (as cutaneous receptors) and proprioceptive (as joint receptors) inputs. Clinical studies seem to indicate an association between vertical heterophoria (VH) and balance control. The purpose of the study was to simulate a VH and examine its influence on body stabilisation in quiet stance. We ...

We described the clinical, surgical details and results (motor and sensory) of the retrieving procedure of traumatically avulsed muscles in three patients with no previous history of strabismus or diplopia seen in the Department of Ophthalmology, State University of Campinas, Brazil. The slipped muscle portion was reinserted at the original insertion and under the remaining stump, which was sut...

Vertically incomitant pattern strabismus comprises 50% of infantile horizontal strabismus. The oblique muscle dysfunction has been associated with pattern strabismus. High-resolution orbit imaging and contemporary neurophysiology studies in non-human primate models of strabismus have shed light into the mechanisms of pattern strabismus. In this review, we will examine our current understanding ...

We measured ocular alignment in the horizontal direction for 17 monkeys reared under deprivation paradigms that involved monocular defocus, monocular occlusion and optically corrected aphakia coupled with continuous or partial occlusion of the fellow eye. Alignment was measured at 3 and 7 months with a photographic corneal light reflex method. Results showed that a majority of the monkeys in ea...

PURPOSE To determine whether sinus disease may cause acquired strabismus. METHODS Patients with idiopathic acquired (nonaccommodative) esotropia and/or hypotropia were questioned in detail about possible contributing factors (trauma; family history of strabismus; thyroid, neurologic, or rheumatologic disorders). Acute versus chronic onset was ascertained. Those without obvious cause of strabi...

Fixational eye movements were studied to determine the presence of and to quantify saccadic intrusions under monocular and binocular viewing conditions in subjects with intermittent strabismus, amblyopia without stabismus, or constant strabismus amblyopia. Saccadic intrusions were present under most test conditions in intermittent strabismus, were rarely observed in amblyopia without strabismus...