Humans often alter their behavior depending on the opponent’s group membership, with positive (e.g., support of same-group members) or negative (e.g., stereotyping, oppression, genocide) consequences. An influential model developed by Hammond and Axelrod highlighted the emergence of macro-level “ethnocentric cooperation” from the aggregation of micro-level interactions based on arbitrary tags s...

Selection of a system for successful recombinant protein production is important. The aim of this study wasto produce high levels of human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) in soluble form. To this end, the pET32a vector inEscherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was used as an expression system, since it was previously used for the productionof mouse IL-2 in soluble form. The results indicated that c...

Humans have the fascinating capacity to understand, and anticipate the actions of other humans in the same space, without requiring verbal communication. This ”intention reading” capacity is underpinned by a common motor-repertoire that is shared by all humans, and afforded by a subtle coordination of eye-head-arm movements that encodes the cues and signals that will ultimately be deciphered by...

Vertebrate skeletal muscle development and repair relies on the precise control of Wnt signaling. Dact1 (Dapper/Frodo) is an important modulator signaling, interacting with key components various transduction pathways. Here, we characterized mRNA protein expression in chicken mouse fetal muscles vivo during differentiation chick primary C2C12 myoblasts vitro . We also performed silico analysis ...

Our team recently developed “Diffuse in vivo Flow Cytometry” (DiFC) for detection and enumeration rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) mice with highly-scattered fluorescent light. We have used DiFC to study dissemination of CTCs a number mouse models metastasis protein expressing cells. Because uses diffuse light interrogates large blood vessels relatively deep tissue, principle it could be tra...

Blood of both humans and mice contains 2 main monocyte subsets. Here, we investigated the extent of their similarity using a microarray approach. Approximately 270 genes in humans and 550 genes in mice were differentially expressed between subsets by 2-fold or more. More than 130 of these gene expression differences were conserved between mouse and human monocyte subsets. We confirmed numerous ...

Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 1 is involved in the regulation of various metabolic pathways such as glucose metabolism liver and atrophy skeletal muscle. However, role PRMT1 fat tissues under disease state has not been elucidated to date. In this study, we delineate function protein adipocytes vivo. expression was abundant white adipose (WAT), which induced upon a high-fat diet mice...

The mouse cyritestin gene is a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) gene family and codes for a membrane-anchored sperm protein. Recently, it was shown that cyritestin is critical for male fertility in the mouse. Spermatozoa of cyritestin-deficient mice are not able to bind to the zona pellucida of the oocyte and therefore unable to fertilize the egg. However, zona-free oocyte...

N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) is abundantly expressed in most mammals, but it is not detectable in humans. The expression of NeuGc is controlled by cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) hydroxylase activity. We previously cloned a cDNA for mouse CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase and found that the human genome contains a homologue. We report here the molecular basis for the absence o...