The causal notions embodied in the concept of Granger causality have been argued to belong to a different category than those of Judea Pearl’s Causal Model, and so far their relation has remained obscure. Here, we demonstrate that these concepts are in fact closely linked by showing how each relates to straightforward notions of direct causality embodied in settable systems, an extension and re...

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) has attracted attention as a key component in supporting large capacity transmission systems. However, SOAs cause waveform distortion depending on the carrier lifetime, which ranges from picoseconds to nanoseconds, and this degrades signal quality. Thus, we are investigating suppressing by controlling gain characters time changing temperature of in-line opt...

STUDY POPULATION. This study was a nonrandomized controlled, parallel-group intervention trial with an active study population of 50 consecutively enrolled children aged 5 to 18 years. The study children underwent egg OIT after confirming immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated egg allergy by using a double-blind, placebo-controlled egg food challenge (DBPCFC). The control group included 32 children who ...

We present a method for incrementally learning mixture models that avoids the necessity to keep all data points around. It contains a single user-settable parameter that controls via a novel statistical criterion the trade-off between the number of mixture components and the accuracy of representing the data. A key idea is that each component of the (non-overfitting) mixture is in turn represen...

A study with a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to determine the effects of 2 dietary protein levels (high = CPh and low = CPl) during rearing, 3 dietary energy levels (3,000, MEh1; 2,800, MEs1; and 2,600, MEl1, kcal/kg AMEn, respectively) during the first phase of lay, and 2 dietary energy levels (2,800, MEs2; and 3,000, MEh2, kcal/kg AMEn, respectively) during the second phase of...

The times of oviposition are affected little by the use of a night lighting program. Egg shell weight is not changed by the time of oviposition. Egg weight, shell percentage and it's color vary according to the time of oviposition. The egg characteristics have not been affected by the use of night lighting. Night lighting reduces the percentage of eggs downgraded, in particular reducing by 37 %...