Shallow foundations are often situated on unsaturated zones above the groundwater table. In this study, the influence of rainfall infiltration on the settlement behavior of shallow foundations was investigated using numerical analyses. The numerical solutions were compared with experimental data from in-situ load tests. The relative importance of rainfall intensities and groundwater table posit...

the ground improvement using plastic board drain (pbd) in soft soil was undertaken by sand mat formation, pbd installation, preloading surcharge, and removal of surcharge. during this procedure, the sand mat formation induced an initial settlement. however, it was very difficult to estimate that settlement due to pbd installation, which frequently destroyed the instruments installed in the grou...

Recovery of degraded reefs is dependent on the settlement of coral larvae into habitats typically dominated by benthic algae, so that benthic algae may play pivotal roles in coral settlement and reef recovery. Here we demonstrate that waterborne influences of macroalgae could affect coral settlement before larvae contact reef substrata and that such effects vary between macroalgae. We tested fo...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Crepidula fornicata Habitat association Larval settlement Microhabitat Post-settlement mortality Recruitment Habitat-specific distributions of marine benthic invertebrates can be caused by several processes acting prior to, during or after settlement, including differential settlement and varying levels of mortality between habitat types following adaptation of t...

This paper investigates the existence and extent of economies of scale in depository and settlement systems. Evidence from 16 settlement institutions across different regions for the years 1993–2000 indicates the existence of significant economies of scale. The degree of such economies, however, differs by size of settlement institution and region. While smaller settlement service providers rev...

Coral settlement is a key ecological process in the maintenance, recovery and resilience of coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs in the Persian Gulf survive in one of the world’s most extreme environments, yet there remains limited knowledge of the role of coral settlement considered critical for maintaining population dynamics. Spatial and temporal patterns of coral settlement were examined at 6...

For sessile marine invertebrates, processes contributing to larval release, dispersal, and settlement in favourable habitats are central to patterns of distribution and community structure. We quantified larval release patterns, phototactic behaviour, and settlement in response to environmental cues for the coral reef sponge Luffariella variabilis. Individual sponges released up to 830 larvae d...

Long-term settlement of MSW landfills is a complex process, which is explained by the following two mechanisms: (1) the mechanical long-term compression of degradable organic solids (DOS) and un-degradable organic solids (UDOS); and (2) the decomposition-based compression of the DOS. Based on these two distinct settlement mechanisms, in this study, the authors propose a new estimation model to ...