Sewer systems are considered as complex large-scale systems that traditionally collect and transport stormwater and sanitary sewage out from urban areas. Each subsystem is in itself composed of a large number of elements with time-varying behavior, exhibiting several operating modes and subject to changes due to external conditions and operational constraints. Sewer systems are mainly operated ...

T adsorption of heavy metals onto the surface of the algae is alternative technique for current wastewater treatment systems. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the ability of cyanobacteria for removal of pollutants from sewage water. Two soil microalgal isolates Anabaena oryzae and Cyanosarcina fontana were tested for growth, metabolism and removal of heavy metals (Fe2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ an...

The Moore swab method was shown to be a practical and sensitive technique for the isolation of Vibrio cholerae from sewage. In each of three instances in which cholera patients lived in homes connected to municipal sewers, V. cholerae was isolated from the community sewage plant intake at the time of the patients illness. Sewer systems became negative within 1 day after patients were treated wi...

The recycling of organic wastes is required from the viewpoint of environmental issues. Sewage sludge makes up about 30% of the organic wastes in Japan, and at present, the ratio is increasing (Study group on bio-waste recycling, 1999); therefore, it is important to treat and utilize the sewage sludge. Conventional treatment methods such as land filling and ocean dumping have been regulated to ...

In this paper a concept for a wheeled, multijoint robot able to operate in sewage systems is presented. The robot should work in an autonomous way. This concerns power supply, control and information processing. The cablefree navigation and the multijoint redundant construction of the robot enable higher mobility in sewage systems. In contrast to present systems, the robot should be able to avo...

Rural and suburban development has been and will continue to depend heavily on the use of onsite private sewage systems. The exodus to rural settings combined with changing technologies for sewage disposal that reduce site limitations to development have raised a broad set of land use, infrastructure, and environmental concerns. In a study of development in Wisconsin, we found that the type of ...

Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in groundwater is becoming a ubiquitous problem, particularly in rural and suburban areas where domestic water supplies are obtained from individual on-lot water supply wells. Nitrate in groundwater can come from natural sources such as soil, bedrock and organic material; however, the overwhelming loading of nitrate originates from anthropogenic sources, particularly ag...

Wastewater consists of a complex mixture of substances. During wastewater treatment these harmful substances can be eliminated or degraded. However, persistent compounds released with the treated sewage effluents enter the environment and pose a risk to animal and human life. To determine the potential risks involved, screening tests are needed to monitor wastewater for potential toxic contamin...

Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is commonly dosed in sewer systems to control corrosion and odour problems by preventing sulfide transfer from the liquid to the gas phase. Current dosing practices do not take the dynamics of sewage flow and sulfide production into consideration. This paper presents the development of an on-line control methodology for the optimised dosing of Mg(OH)2, based on pH ...