Sulfides are particularly problematic in the sewage industry. Hydrogen sulfide causes corrosion of concrete infrastructure, is dangerous at high concentrations and is foul smelling at low concentrations. Despite the importance of sulfide monitoring there is no commercially available system to quantify sulfide in waste water. In this article we report on our use of an in situ spectrometer to qua...

The number and properties of drug-resistant coliform bacteria in hospital and city sewage were compared. There was little difference in the counts of organisms with nontransferable resistance to one or more of 13 commonly used drugs. An average of 26% of coliforms in hospital waste water had transferable resistance to at least one of the drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonam...

I wi Brou t t Bowrr. Corporare Rescwc-li CRB. CH-.The performance of highly doped SnO, anodes for the oxidative treatment of biologically refractory ~ a s t e water was compared with PbO, and Pt. The oxidation of a wide range of organic compounds proceeds with a n efficiency which is about 5 times higher than with platinum anodes. The oxidation efficiency was found to be independent of the pH o...

The goal of this study was to evaluate methanogen diversity in animal hosts to develop a swine-specific archaeal molecular marker for fecal source tracking in surface waters. Phylogenetic analysis of swine mcrA sequences compared to mcrA sequences from the feces of five animals (cow, deer, sheep, horse, and chicken) and sewage showed four distinct swine clusters, with three swine-specific clade...

Domestic sewage treated in municipal sewage treatment plants is only analyzed for its physicochemical properties correction prior to its discharge but as domestic sewage is proved to contain genotoxicity also, it is suggested that the discharge should also be checked for genotoxicity. Many microbial genotoxicity tests are employed for genotoxicity testing. These tests are simple, quick and empl...

Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) is largely excreted by the human population through the urinary route and has been recognized as a potential viral marker for human waste contamination. This study aims to investigate the dissemination of JCPyV in waste water from a sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to describe the prevalence of JCPyV subtypes currently present in this p...

This article presents the results of a transboundary water quality monitoring program at the two Nogales area in the Arizona-Sonora border region. The program was carried out jointly in 1990 by U.S. and Mexican institutions. The results show pollution problems due to deficiencies in Nogales, Sonora municipal sewerage system, causing not only sewage spills in several parts of the city but also c...

The recycling of organic wastes is required from the viewpoint of environmental issues. Sewage sludge makes up about 30% of the organic wastes in Japan, and at present, the ratio is increasing (Study group on bio-waste recycling, 1999); therefore, it is important to treat and utilize the sewage sludge. Conventional treatment methods such as land filling and ocean dumping have been regulated to ...

FIFTY years ago sanitary engineering in this country scarcely existed, even in name. The larger cities were provided with public water supplies and there was a general desire among sanitarians to supply water free from filth. Sewers in combination with storm water drains.had been built in the larger communities to a limited extent for several decades. Some of the more progressive engineers were...

More stringent controls on the quality of wastewater discharges have given rise to increasing volumes of sewage sludge for disposal, principally to land, using either land-spreading or sludge-to-landfill operations. Current sludge-to-landfill methods generally involve mixing the concentrated sludge with other solid waste in municipal landfills. However, stricter waste disposal legislation and h...