Foliar ozone uptake rates of different-sized black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) trees were compared within a deciduous forest and adjacent openings in north-central Pennsylvania during one growing season. Study trees included open-grown seedlings and saplings, forest understory seedlings and saplings, and sunlit and shaded portions of mature canopy tree crowns. Instantaneous ozone uptake rate...

Daily variations in net gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and water relations of mature, sun-acclimated grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfady.) and orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) leaves were determined in tree canopies either shaded with 50% shade screens or left unshaded (sunlit). Mean daily maximum photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under shade varied from 500 to 700 micromol ...

Outline-shape information may be particularly important in the recognition of depth-rotated objects because it provides a coarse shape description which gives first-pass information about the structure of an object. In four experiments, we compared recognition of silhouettes (showing only outline shape) with recognition of fully shaded images of objects, by means of a sequential-matching task. ...

The standard “hillshade” tool included in most GIS software suites implements a simple model of lighting with set assumptions that make the fast and easy to use. This simplified can visually degrade steep terrains, producing over-dark areas removing important terrain detail. underlying can, however, be manipulated output displays without these drawbacks. mimics effect ambient light complicating...

The efficacy of maximum label rates of bifenthrin applications to dry tires to prevent Aedes mosquito breeding was investigated by field colonization and bioassay trials in shaded and unshaded locations. Aedes notoscriptus and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were the most abundant species present in the field colonization trial. Colonization and survival of Ae. notoscriptus larvae to the late ins...

1. Hypericum perforatum , St John’s wort, is an invasive weed of natural and agroecosystems in south-eastern Australia. In previous work we used a long-term data set to determine which plant traits and environmental factors influence population growth and persistence in this species. These results were then used to parameterize an individualbased model of the population dynamics of H. perforatu...

The use of outline shape in recognizing objects was investigated in four experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects matched a shaded image to either another shaded image or a silhouette. In Experiment 2, subjects initially named shaded images; later they named either shaded images or silhouettes. Performance in both experiments was predicted by changes in the outline shape of the stimuli. The same ...

The traditional architectural methods used in the historical cities of Iran provide useful information on various fields related to architecture and urban planning. Of particular interest are the techniques used for designing open and closed spaces in houses located in the hot and humid climate zone. The proportions observed for the courtyard in such houses have a great role in determining the ...

In this study, two different industrial refrigerators were designed, manufactured and tested to analyze the impact of types fans (Type 1 Type 2) used in cooling systems on performance system. order test fan airflow effects, axial configurations with structures motor technology (EC shaded-pole induction) separate refrigerator rooms accordance TS EN ISO 23953-2 standards. R290 (Propane) was as a ...