Anthropogenic climate change has impacted and will continue to impact the natural environment and people around the world. Increasing temperatures and altered rainfall patterns combined with socio-economic factors such as population changes, land use changes and water transfers will affect flows and nutrient fluxes in river systems. The Ganga river, one of the largest river systems in the world...

rivers are among the most important surface water resources which have always been of significance throughout the history of mankind. this significance is due to human dependence on water for answering his needs such as agriculture, water transfer, flood control and water transportation. in the past, it was assumed that basic measures such as exploiting rivers or managing floods were only limit...

This paper shows the impacts of human interference on Nile River morphology. A roadway culvert was constructed to connect an island on Nile River to the eastern bank of the Nile had altered river morphology in the vicinity of the island. The paper focuses on, 1) the efficiency of the roadway culvert to pass the normal flow, and 2) the impact of the roadway culvert on river morphology. A one-dim...

estuaries are well known for their potential in removing metal from fresh water to provide micro-nutrients to aquatic life. in the present investigation, we have tried to bring out the metal removal potential of estuaries during accidental spills. for this purpose artificial river water containing high concentration of mn, cu, zn, ni and pb were mixed with sea water at different salinity regime...

Fragmentary, indifferently preserved, and of low diversity plant remains occur in basal part of the Khoshyeilagh Formation, northern Shahrud, eastern Alborz Ranges. The oldest hitherto reported from Iran, the remains are essentially assignable to lycophytes and psilophytes. Additionally, spores retrieved from the Khoshyeilagh Formation with reference to available data on spore-plant relation-sh...

The branching systems in our body (vascular and bronchial trees) and those in the environment (plant trees and river systems) are characterized by a fractal nature: the self-similarity in the bifurcation pattern. They increase their branch density toward terminals according to a power function with the exponent called fractal dimension (D). From a stochastic model based-on this feature, we form...