PURPOSE This retrospective study tests if runners who habitually forefoot strike have different rates of injury than runners who habitually rearfoot strike. METHODS We measured the strike characteristics of middle- and long-distance runners from a collegiate cross-country team and quantified their history of injury, including the incidence and rate of specific injuries, the severity of each i...

PURPOSE To determine prevalence of heel strike in a midsize city marathon, if there is an association between foot-strike classification and race performance, and if there is an association between foot-strike classification and gender. METHODS Foot-strike classification (forefoot, midfoot, heel, or split strike), gender, and rank (position in race) were recorded at the 8.1-km mark for 2112 r...

occurred at 1.5 to 2.0 cm (Fig. 1). Strike success was similar when compared to prey number remaining, indicating that earlier predation events did not influence predation success. Juvenile toadfish are effective short-range ambush predators. At strike distances between 0 and 1.5 cm they strike successfully 76.2% of the time. But between 1.5 and 2.0 cm, strike success is mixed, and it continues...

There are two types of Asian options in the financial markets which differ according to the role of the average price. We give a symmetry result between the floating and fixed-strike Asian options. The proof involves a change of numéraire and time reversal of Brownian motion. Symmetries are very useful in option valuation and in this case, the result allows the use of more established fixed-str...

Bird strikes usually occur due to the entry of aircraft into the bird layer, i.e. the region up to which birds fly in the sky and are common during landing or takeoff 1. Along with the financial losses, bird strike also reduces the mission capability of the crew, loss of flying hours, permanent damages to the aircraft and importantly , it is always associated with the risk of mortality 2–6. The...

People have advocated barefoot running, claiming that it is better suited to human nature. Humans usually run barefoot using a forefoot strike and run shod using a heel strike. The striking pattern was thought to be a key factor that contributes to the benefit of barefoot running. The purpose of this study is to use scientific data to prove that the striking pattern is more important than baref...