Dual systems of steel moment frame and reinforced concrete shear wall have combined the advantages of steel frames and reinforced concrete shear wall. These walls have increased the lateral stiffness of steel frames and have reduced seismic demands on steel frames thus providing opportunities to use such system. In this research intermediate dual system of steel moment frame was chosen with int...

In this paper, based on maximizing the outrigger-belt truss system’s strain energy, a methodology for determining the optimum location of a flexible outrigger system is presented. Tall building structures with combined systems of framed tube, shear core, belt truss and outrigger system are modeled using continuum approach. In this approach, the framed tube sys...

The three-dimensional linearized optimal energy growth mechanism, in plane parallel shear flows, is re-examined in terms of the role of vortex stretching and the interplay between the spanwise vorticity and the planar divergent components. For high Reynolds numbers the structure of the optimal perturbations in Couette, Poiseuille and mixing-layer shear profiles is robust and resembles localized...

Progressive and catastrophic failure in soils has been commonly associated with the phenomenon of the shear band propagation. This paper is an attempt to validate the energy balance approach to modeling of the propagation of a two-dimensional, circular shaped shear band. This shear band can be observed in a shear blade test, performed in the novel shear-blade apparatus. The simplified analytica...

Rigid-tube computations of simple (transverse) shear in crystalline nanotube ropes (CNTRs) reveal that shear modulus and strength increase and decrease with the tube radius, respectively. High modulus to strength ratios suggest that dislocations play a minor role during their plasticity. The computed shear moduli are in agreement with previous studies, although shape change and rolling-based sh...

The potential application of a new laser air puff system to assess poultry meat tenderness was investigated. Ninety broilers were deboned at either 1.25, 4, or 24 h postmortem. The raw breast fillets were scanned on a conveyor belt longitudinally by a laser distance sensor to obtain overall shape profiles and scanned again with a pressurized source of air (206.8 kPa). The 2 resulting profiles w...

The effects of NaCl (1 and 2%), added-water (AW; 30 and 40%), milk protein hydrolysate (MPH; 1, 2 and 3%), and end-point cooking temperature (EPT; 71.1 and 76.7 C) were examined. Regardless of the formulation, all turkey-beef frankfurters contained less than 0.4% fat. As levels of NaCl in the formula increased, the frankfurters had lower (P< 0.05) penetration values (total energy and peak force...

The buckling behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations under in-plane loads for various temperatures is investigated using element-free Galerkin (EFG) method based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The modified shear correction factor is used based on energy equivalence principle. Carbon ...

We use molecular dynamics to study the nucleation of cracks in a two-dimensional material without pre-existing cracks. We study models with zero and nonzero shear moduli. In both situations, the time required for crack formation obeys an Arrhenius law, from which the energy barrier and prefactor are extracted for different system sizes. For large systems, the characteristic time of rupture is f...

composite couple beams are the concrete elements consisting of longitudinal bars and steel plate, therefore suitable for shear transferring in couple shear walls with arranged gates in its height. in this paper, after modeling couple beams with and without steel plates with f.e methods and calibration the models with experimental results, effects of parameters such as thickness, height, length ...