The impulsive riveting method is described as the punching and joining of sheet metal carried out using the impulsive energy of a weight accelerated by an air compressor. Parts are held together between the rivet and rivet-holder. A hole is made in the sheets by the high speed collision of rivet and a weight (approximately 100 m/s or more). Another method, punch riveting, joins the sheets by pr...

spring back is responsible for inaccuracy of press formed sheet product. therefore, prediction of spring back is important for precise forming of stampings. to predict the amount of spring back many successful attempts have been made for simple cases such as single curved and u or v shape sheet metals. however, for more complex shapes containing double curves or double variable curved surfaces ...