Rapid loss of sea ice is opening up the Arctic Ocean to shipping, a practice that is forecasted to increase rapidly by 2050 when many models predict that the Arctic Ocean will largely be free of ice toward the end of summer. These forecasts carry considerable uncertainty because Arctic shipping was previously considered too sparse to allow for adequate validation. Here, we provide quantitative ...

287 Numerous organizations are involved in distributing goods and materials. When shipping alternatives exist, the selection of the appropriate shipping alternative (mode) for each shipment may result in significant cost savings. This paper describes a highly flexible dispatching system that selects the shipping mode to be used for each shipment while minimizing the overall shipping costs. Mult...

To explore the concept of connectivity and trade relativity (CTR), this paper presents a research model to illustrate: (1) the impact of shipping connectivity on two types of trade flows, and (2) the mediating effect of intra-regional trade (“intra-trade”) on the relationship between shipping connectivity and extra-regional trade (“extra-trade”). Understanding the relationships among shipping c...

This paper deals with the application of System dynamics and Chaos theory in shipping using the example of freight rate forming. The development of new technologies, changes in structure and conditions, information accessibility, etc. are only some of the factors that intensify changes in freight rate forming in shipping. Therefore, shipping environment is becoming increasingly complex and dyna...

Five shipments of feeder calves (965 head hauled in 11 drop-center trailers) were shipped 1,600 km by tractor trailer from Algood, Tennessee, to Bushland, Texas, during the fall seasons of 1976, 1977 and 1978. Shrink, incidence of shipping fever and subsequent feedlot performance of these feeder calves were analyzed. There were significant differences in shrink and subsequent feedlot performanc...

While the creation of a virtual store eliminates many of the costs incurred by the traditional bricks and mortar retailer, the spatial separation between customers and the retailer’s distribution facility may result in significant distribution costs. In these circumstances, the determination of shipping and handling fee schedules becomes a key element of the marketing mix. This is a non-trivial...

Kant famously claims that autonomy is the ground of dignity. If he is correct about the grounding relationship, then doubts about our autonomy entail doubts about our dignity. Here, I attempt to show that Kant is sensitive to this problem, and invokes the ‘fact of reason’ (Faktum der Vernunft) as the key piece of evidence for our autonomy, and therefore our dignity. But as is well known, Kant’s...

The shipping routes of the South China Sea (SCS) are of major significance in global trade and global economy. However, the shipping routes of the SCS are frequently threatened by both natural and manmade factors, such as complex submarine topography, extreme weather, and piracy. Previous studies of shipping safety in the SCS mainly focused on the individual ship safety and broader political po...

Аннотация: Статья о новой форме торговли в сети Интернет. Преимущества дропшиппинга открывают для российских производителей и предпринимателей новые горизонты в международной торговле и маркетинге. Автор рассматривает особенности развития и роль дропшиппинга в электронной коммерции нового тысячелетия. Ключевые слова: дропшиппинг, электронная коммерция, интернет-маркетинг, электронная торговля. ...

Strategic alliances generally mean the cooperation or collaboration between firms which pursue for a synergy that each member hopes the benefits from the alliances would be much more than those from individual efforts. Past researches provide us sufficient theories and considerations for alliance forming in liner shipping market. This research reviews important academic journals for the past de...