Introduction. The increasing development of marine traffic has led to a rise in the incidence of legionellosis among travellers. It occurs in similar environments, especially closed and crowded, and aboard ships Legionella survives and multiplies easily in water pipes, spreading into the environment through air conditioning systems and water distribution points. Although in recent years ...

This invention applies to more accurate determination of the displacement of merchant ships built from elastic materials, which suffers from significant temporary or permanent longitudinal deflections in ship's service due to hull bending, such as hull sagging or hogging, what provokes changes of the immersed hull form, leading to inaccuracies in 10 determination of the ship's displacement, par...

Through the experience of being stationed on the USS Mercy hospital ship (T-AH19) and a preliminary comprehension of the personnel and material arrangements, processing and functional formats, and the multi-platform contributions of US Navy hospital ships, we briefly introduce the characteristics of US hospital ships regarding medical support, emergency rescue exercises, communications and trai...

An ongoing security concern is the inability of port state control and customs officials to obtain comprehensive background information associated with an arriving merchant ship’s commercial enterprise i.e., ships management, crew management, charterers, cargo broker, etc. This situation is especially alarming for container ships, car carriers, and other cargo ships, where potential hiding plac...

The focus of attention from regulatory bodies in Australia with respect to air pollution emissions is for land-based industries and activities; as such, little attention has been paid to emissions from ships operating in Australian ports. Emissions standards for ships in general are not included in Australian legislation, although the international standard, MARPOL 73/78, sets limits on emissio...

Ship collision avoidance involves helping ships find routes that will best enable them to avoid a collision.When more than two ships encounter each other, the procedure becomes more complex since a slight change in course by one ship might affect the future decisions of the other ships. Two distributed algorithms have been developed in response to this problem: Distributed Local Search Algorith...

We study how changes to the composition and employment of the US Navy combat logistic force (CLF) influence our ability to supply our navy worldwide. The CLF consists of about 30 special transport ships that carry ship and aircraft fuel, ordnance, dry stores, and food, and deliver these to client combatant ships underway, making it possible for our naval forces to operate at sea for extended pe...

Transportation networks play a crucial role in human mobility, the exchange of goods and the spread of invasive species. With 90 per cent of world trade carried by sea, the global network of merchant ships provides one of the most important modes of transportation. Here, we use information about the itineraries of 16 363 cargo ships during the year 2007 to construct a network of links between p...