Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) uses acoustic pulses to treat certain musculoskeletal disorders. In this paper the acoustic field of a clinical portable ESWT device (Duolith SD1) was characterized. Field mapping was performed in water for two different standoffs of the electromagnetic head (15 or 30 mm) using a fiber optic probe hydrophone. Peak positive pressures at the focus ranged f...

ABSTRACT Despite the long escort by ESA Rosetta mission, direct observations of a fully developed bow shock around 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko have not been reported. Expanding on our previous work indirect shock, we model large-scale features in cometary pickup ions, and compare results with Plasma Consortium Ion Composition Analyser ion spectrometer measurements over pre-perihelion portion phas...

We present a standoff annotation framework for the integration of NLP components, currently implemented in the context of the DELPH-IN tools1. This provides a flexible standoff pointer scheme suitable for various types of data, a lattice encodes structural ambiguity, intraannotation relationships are encoded, and annotations are decorated with structured content. We provide an XML serialization...

In this report, we quantify the divergence from the inverse square law (ISL) of the beam output as a function of distance (standoff) from closed-ended applicators for a modern clinical orthovoltage unit. The divergence is clinically significant exceeding 3% at a 1.2 cm distance for 4 × 4 and 10 × 10 cm2 closed-ended applicators. For all investigated cases, the measured dose falloff is more rapi...

Snow avalanches and other hazardous geophysical granular flows, such as debris flows, lahars and pyroclastic flows, often impact on obstacles as they flow down a slope, generating rapid changes in the flow height and velocity in their vicinity. It is important to understand how a granular material flows around such obstacles to improve the design of deflecting and catching dams, and to correctl...

The design and operation of a noncontact surface profilometry system based on the time-correlated single-photon-counting technique are described. This system has a robust optomechanical design and uses an eye-safe laser that makes it particularly suitable for operation in an uncontrolled industrial environment. The sensitivity of the photon-counting technique permits its use on a variety of tar...

Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) represent a subset of solar wind discontinuities interacting with collisionless bow shocks. They are typically formed when the normal component of the motional (convective) electric field points toward the embedded current sheet on at least one of its sides. The core region of an HFA contains hot and highly deflected ion flows and rather low and turbulent magnetic fiel...

In this book, we have explored the possibility that elusive ground targets are becoming increasingly salient. As discussed in the Introduction, advances in standoff sensors and weapons are making massed mechanized forces in the open highly vulnerable. Making ground forces more elusive is one possible counter to this vulnerability. Dispersing, hiding, engaging in deception, and shifting fires to...

Information encoding is often complex. Textual information is sometimes accompanied by additional encodings (such as visuals). These multimodal documents may be interesting objects of investigation for linguistics. Another class of complex documents are pre-annotated documents. Classic XML inline annotation often fails for both document classes because of overlapping markup. However, standoff a...