the retail trade of spices and drugs to the care of their servants ("Apothekerknechte"). One of these, Hans Minner, was to become the most important pharmacist of the German Middle Ages. Others became partners of their masters, e.g. Caspar Schneberger (c. 1495), who probably was the first apothecary to specialize exclusively in medical pharmaceutics. As retail traders in Zurich, "apothecaries" ...

This article, focussing on Badakhshan province in north-east Afghanistan, explores the lifeworld of drugs and their entangled connections with people, places things. It follows journeys from farmers’ fields, through various stages transportation, storage transformation, until they arrive at border Tajikistan. The paper draws upon notion a ‘drugs assemblage’ – interweaving plants, institutions, ...

Targeted nature-based small-scale interventions is an approach commonly adopted by urban developers. The public acceptance of their implementation could be improved participation, emphasizing residents or shopkeepers located close to the areas interest. In this work, we propose a methodology that combines 3D technology, based on open data sources, user-generated content, software and game engin...

In this paper we attempt to compare the responses of consumers and professionals to questions related to organic food retailing, in order to highlight the differences and the similarities of viewpoints between them and to understand the links between consumer perception of organic food and the sales channel. In order to do this, we analyse the results of three studies, two of them conducted wit...

INTRODUCTION Malaria is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Use of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) is an important preventive intervention. Selection of the best mechanisms for distribution and promotion of ITNs to vulnerable populations is an important strategic issue. METHODS Commercial shopkeepers and groups of community leaders were trained to promote a...

Street vending is an important component of the informal economy a city. It forms major base livelihood for significant proportion urban poor. Embedded with conceptual, theoretical, and methodological realm anthropology right to city, this article assesses vendors’ striving subsistence livelihoods amidst increased rigidness local authorities towards them in Pokhara. Based on qualitative data co...

The urban dynamics have been very important over the last two decades in town of Abidjan.The front pioneers these spatial extension phenomena are peripheries which areexpanding to meet high demand for housing Abidjanese and often underequipped with commercial infrastructures. Angre extension, a residential area located north municipality Cocody, is part this dynamic demographic pressure arecomp...