Students choose to use flashcard applications available on the Internet to help memorize word-meaning pairs. This is helpful for tests such as GRE, TOEFL or IELTS, which emphasize on verbal skills. However, monotonous nature of flashcard applications can be diminished with the help of Cognitive Science through Testing Effect. Experimental evidences have shown that memory tests are an important ...

Automated short-answer grading is key to help close the automation loop for large-scale, computerised testing in education. A wide range of features on different levels of linguistic processing has been proposed so far. We investigate the relative importance of the different types of features across a range of standard corpora (both from a language skill and content assessment context, in Engli...

In this paper, we present a system for automatically answering opendomain, multiple choice reading comprehension questions about short English narrative texts. The system is based on state-of-the-art text similarity measures, textual entailment metrics and coreference resolution and does not make use of any additional domain specific background knowledge. Each answer option is scored with a com...

Descriptive answer script assessment and rating program is an automated framework to evaluate the scripts correctly. There are several classification schemes in which a piece of text evaluated on basis spelling, semantics meaning. But, lots these aren’t successful. Some models available rate response include Simple Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Deep LSTM. In addition that Convolution Neural Ne...

Automatic short answer grading (ASAG) techniques are designed to automatically assess short answers to questions in natural language, having a length of a few words to a few sentences. Supervised ASAG techniques have been demonstrated to be effective but suffer from a couple of key practical limitations. They are greatly reliant on instructor provided model answers and need labeled training dat...

In this work we tackled the task of Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG). While conventional ASAG research makes prediction mainly based on student answers referred as Answer-based, we leveraged the information about questions and student models into consideration. More specifically, we explore the Answer-based, Question, and Student models individually, and subsequently in various combined an...

Automatic short answer grading (ASAG) can reduce tedium for instructors, but is complicated by free-form student inputs. An important ASAG task is to assign ordinal scores to student answers, given some “model” or ideal answers. Here we introduce a novel framework for ASAG by cascading three neural building blocks: Siamese bidirectional LSTMs applied to a model and a student answer, a novel poo...

One of the major components of MOOCs is the weekly assignment. Most of the assignments are multiple choice, short answer or programming assignments and can be graded automatically by the system. Since assignments that include argumentation or scientific writing are difficult to grade automatically, MOOCs often use a crowd-sourced evaluation of the writing assignments in the form of peer grading...